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Title: In cross-sectional observations, dietary quality is not associated with CVD risk in women; in men the positive association is accounted for by BMI

Author
item FRAZIER-WOOD, ALEXIS - Children'S Nutrition Research Center (CNRC)
item KIM, JIHYE - University Of Texas
item DAVIS, JENNIFER - University Of Texas
item JUNG, SU YON - University Of Texas
item CHANG, SHINE - University Of Texas

Submitted to: British Journal of Nutrition
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 1/7/2015
Publication Date: 3/27/2015
Citation: Frazier-Wood, A.C., Kim, J., Davis, J.S., Jung, S., Chang, S. 2015. In cross-sectional observations, dietary quality is not associated with CVD risk in women; in men the positive association is accounted for by BMI. British Journal of Nutrition. 113(8):1244-1253.

Interpretive Summary: Dietary quality is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk but the role that BMI plays in the association between dietary quality and CVD risk is not known. We aimed to better understand this relationship. Overall dietary quality was assessed on non-pregnant adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005-10. We found that in women, total HEI score was not associated with any CVD risk factors. In men, total Health Eating Index score was associated with fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, HDL-C,TG and CRP. We concluded that dietary quality was associated with five CVD risk factors in a gender-specific manner. The association of BMI with CVD risk attenuated the relationship between CVD risk and diet, suggesting BMI as an important target in CVD prevention.

Technical Abstract: The role that BMI plays in the association between dietary quality and CVD risk is not known. We aimed to better understand this relationship using statistical methods which correct for sex-specific underreporting of dietary intake. Overall, dietary quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) on data from 9797 non-pregnant adults (aged >20 years) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2010. CVD risk factors included blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin, homeostatic models of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HDL- and LDL-cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C),TAG and C-reactive protein (CRP). We controlled for demographic and lifestyle covariates,and we used the population ratio approach (which adjusts for the underreporting of intake) to compare mean HEI scores between the top and bottom quartiles of covariate-adjusted CVD risk factors. In women, the total HEI score was not associated with any CVD risk factors (all Q > 0.11). In men, the total HEI score was associated with covariate-adjusted residuals for fasting insulin (Q <0.001), HOMA-IR (Q < 0.001), HDL-C (Q =0.01) and CRP (Q <0.001). When we additionally adjusted for BMI, the association with total HEI score was not significant (all P > 0.10). In the present analyses, dietary quality was associated with five CVD risk factors in a sex-specific manner.Moreover,the association of BMI with CVD risk attenuated the relationship between CVD risk and diet, which suggests that BMI is an important factor in heart disease prevention.