Author
MARSHALL, NADINE - Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) | |
STOKES, CHRISTOPHER - Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) | |
WEBB, NICHOLAS - New Mexico State University | |
MARSHALL, PAUL - Queensland Government | |
LANKESTER, ALLY - Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) |
Submitted to: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Publication Acceptance Date: 1/4/2014 Publication Date: 2/15/2014 Publication URL: http://handle.nal.usda.gov/10113/58467 Citation: Marshall, N., Stokes, C., Webb, N., Marshall, P., Lankester, A. 2014. Social vulnerability to climate change in primary producers: A typology approach. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 186:86-93. Interpretive Summary: Adaptation in agro-ecological systems will be important for moderating the impacts of climate change. We review how primary producers might be socially vulnerable to climate change and develop a ‘vulnerability typology’ of cattle producers based on survey responses from 240 producers across northern Australia. We identified four main ‘types’ of cattle producers. Type 1 producers (43%) were vulnerable because they had low strategic skills and low interest in changing behaviour. They were weakly networked within the industry and businesses were small. Type II producers (41%) had low strategic skills, poorly managed risk and uncertainty, and had medium sized businesses . Type III producers (13.4%) had a stronger psychological and financial buffer, were well-networked and managed or owned larger businesses. Type IV producers (2.6%) managed risk well, liked to experiment with options and were interested in change. They managed large properties, were well-networked and were early adopters of new technology. The results provide a basis for early engagement, enable prioritisation adaptive capacity building, and enable tailored adaptation approaches to support different "types" of resource users. Technical Abstract: Adaptation in agro-ecological systems will be important for moderating the impacts of climate change. Vulnerability assessments provide the basis for developing strategies to reduce social vulnerability and plan for climate adaptation. Primary industries have been identified as the most vulnerable industry sector globally. We review how primary producers might be socially vulnerable to climate change and develop a ‘vulnerability typology’ of cattle producers based on survey responses from 240 producers across northern Australia. We measured social vulnerability according to ten indicators of climate sensitivity (resource dependency) and four indicators of adaptive capacity. Using a K-means clustering analysis we identified four main ‘types’ of cattle producers. Type 1 producers (43%) were vulnerable because they had low strategic skills and low interest in changing behaviour. Mean age was 59 years old, they were weakly networked within the industry and businesses were small. Type II producers (41%) had low strategic skills, poorly managed risk and uncertainty, had medium sized businesses and were 51 years old on average. Only 16% of producers (Type III and IV) appeared to have resilience to change. Type III producers (13.4%) had a stronger psychological and financial buffer, were 52 years old on average, were well-networked and managed or owned larger businesses. Type IV producers (2.6%) managed risk well, liked to experiment with options and were interested in change. They were 41 years old on average, managed large properties, were well-networked, perceived themselves as responsible for the future productivity of their land and were early adopters of new technology. By providing knowledge of the different ways in which people can be vulnerable to climate change, vulnerability assessments can enable decision-makers to prioritise their efforts, provide a basis for early engagement, and tailor a range of adaptation approaches to most effectively accommodate and support the divergent requirements of different “types” of resource users. |