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ARS Home » Pacific West Area » Parlier, California » San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center » Crop Diseases, Pests and Genetics Research » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #287844
Title: Breeding Pierce's Disease resistant table and raisin grapes and the development of markers for additional sources of resistance

Author
item Ramming, David
item WALKER, M. ANDREW - University Of California
item Lin, Hong

Submitted to: CDFA Pierce's Disease Control Program Research Symposium
Publication Type: Proceedings
Publication Acceptance Date: 10/12/2012
Publication Date: 12/12/2012
Citation: Ramming, D.W., Walker, M., Lin, H. 2012. Breeding Pierce's Disease resistant table and raisin grapes and the development of markers for additional sources of resistance. 2012 CDFA Pierce's Disease progress reports. p.209-215.

Interpretive Summary: Although Pierce’s disease (PD) has existed in California since the late 1800s, the introduction of the glassy-winged sharpshooter to California in the late 1990’s significantly increased the spread and damage caused by PD. A collaborative breeding program was started in 2000 to develop PD resistant table and raisin grapes with high fruit quality comparable to that existing in markets today. Sixth generation (BC5) crosses to produce quality table and raisin grapes with V. arizonica source of PD resistance were made again this year. These families will have high fruit quality as they consist of 98.5% V. vinifera. An example of increased fruit quality is the propagation of three PD resistant table grape selections in 27 vine and five PD resistant raisin selections in 7 vine production trials. These selections show some commercial potential. Crosses to combine powdery mildew (PM) and PD resistance were also made. The use of molecular markers to select for PD resistance and greenhouse screening to select for PM resistance allows selection of these two types of resistance before planting seedlings to the field. Two raisin grape selections with dual resistance were selected and propagated in seven vine production trials. PD resistance of over 185 parents and selections from V. arizonica populations have been verified in greenhouse tests to insure the molecular markers used to select for PD resistance continue to function properly. Cuttings of 79 parents and selections from V. arizonica populations were sent to University of California (Walker) laboratory for greenhouse tests to insure resistance continues to co-segregate with markers. Two hundred and forty-three seedlings of the BD5-117 mapping family, with PD resistance different than V. arizonica, have been greenhouse tested. An additional 42 primers were tested on the 155 original seedlings to increase saturation of the 19 linkage groups. Last year’s data indicated a major QTL on linkage group 2 (LG2). Of the 112 polymorphic primers screened to date, six are located on LG2. These selected molecular markers from linkage LG2 might be useful as markers to select for resistance from BD5-117 source of resistance. This collaborative research between USDA/ARS, Parlier and University of California, Davis has the unique opportunity to develop high quality PD resistant table and raisin grape cultivars for the California grape industry where PD could restrict the use of conventional table and raisin grape cultivars.

Technical Abstract: A total of 10 (6 table and 4 raisin) seedless x seedless crosses to develop mBC3, mBC4, and mBC5 V. arizonica x V. vinifera families were made. The crosses consisted of 44,187 emasculations and produced 4,974 ovules and 871 (17.5%) embryos for PD resistance. An example of increased fruit quality is the propagation of three PD resistant table grape selections in 27 vine and five PD resistant raisin selections in 7 vine production trials. A total of 16 crosses to combine PM and PD resistance were made and consisted of 47,347 emasculations, 4,712 ovules and 675 embryos. An additional 10 seeded x seedless crosses of 11,680 emasculations were made. From 2011 crosses, 1,232 leaf samples from plants still in test tubes were sent to Walker’s laboratory for molecular marker screening. A total of 505 had resistant markers flanking the PdR1 locus and were planted in the field. The use of molecular markers to select for PD resistance and greenhouse screening to select for powdery mildew (PM) resistance allows selection of these two types of resistance before planting to the field. Two raisin grape selections with dual resistance were selected and propagated in seven vine production trials. Cuttings of 79 parents and selections from V. arizonica populations were sent to University of California (Walker) laboratory for greenhouse tests to insure resistance continues to co-segregate with markers. Two hundred and forty-three seedlings of the BD5-117 mapping family, with PD resistance different than V. arizonica, have been greenhouse tested. An additional 42 primers were tested on the 155 original seedlings to increase saturation of the 19 linkage groups. Last year’s data indicated a major QTL on linkage group 2 (LG2). Of the 112 polymorphic primers screened to date, six are located on LG2.