Technical Abstract: Global climate change appears to be favorable for invasive weed development and spread because invasive species in general are proficient at succeeding in new environments. To worsen matters, herbicide-resistant weeds have become a severe threat in modern agricultural systems due to the extensive use of herbicides and the widespread use of herbicide resistant crops. Therefore, novel techniques are needed to effectively alleviate current and future weed problems. Molecular biology is the study of molecular interactions between DNA, RNA, and proteins. Molecular tools have been used in weed science to determine mechanisms of how weeds become resistant, origins of resistance, spread of weed genotypes and gene flow, ecological and evolutionary development of weedy characteristics, etc. Information obtained from these studies will contribute in proactive planning and applying environmentally sustainable solutions to weed management. Molecular tools also have the potential to be applied directly for weed control. Several technologies such as metagenomics, virus-induced gene silencing, and transgenic female-sterility are some good examples of how these techniques may be used to develop novel control measures.