Technical Abstract: A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella on retail market chicken carcasses in Colombia. A total of 1,003 broiler chicken carcasses from 23 departments (one city/department) were collected using a stratified sampling method. Carcass rinses were tested for the presence of Salmonella using conventional culture methods. Salmonella were isolated from 27% of the carcasses sampled. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine potential risk factors associated with the chicken production system (conventional versus free-range), storage condition (chilled versus frozen), retail store type (supermarket, independent, and wet market), poultry company (integrated company versus non-integrated company), and social economic stratum and Salmonella contamination. Chickens from a non-integrated poultry company were associated with a significantly (P<0.05) greater risk of Salmonella contamination (OR=2.0), and chilled chickens had a significantly (P<0.05) higher risk of contamination (OR=4.3) compared to chicken frozen carcasses.