Technical Abstract: The Florida sugarcane industry produces about 25% of all sugar produced in the U.S. Varieties originate from two sources, a private breeding and selection program of the United States Sugar Corporation in Clewiston, Florida and a public program at Canal Point, Florida supported by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service, the University of Florida-Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, and the Florida Sugar Cane League, Inc. The purpose of this article is to report the results of a 2010 survey of all Florida sugarcane acreage requesting information on relative use among commercial sugarcane varieties, amount of sugarcane grown on organic and sand soils, and percentages of sugarcane planted in the regular and successive planting cycles. The information summarized in this census was supplied by mill managers. Cultivars from the public program (Canal Point; CP or CPCL cultivars) comprised 89.5% of Florida’s total 2010 sugarcane acres and 11.5% was comprised of varieties from the private breeding program. This calculation assumed that CP varieties were grown on all of the 4.9% of the acreage reported as having “mixed varieties.” CP 88-1762 with 27.1%, CP 89-2143 with 25.5%, CP 80-1743 with 8.8%, and CP 78 1628 with 8.5% of the acreage were the four most widely grown varieties among Florida’s 389,616 sugarcane acres. Of these total acres, 82.0% were organic soils and 18.0% sand soils. Of the total planted acres, 50.5% were planted in the fallow planting system and 49.5% in the successive planting system. Two varieties that reached 1% of the acreage for the first time this year were CP 89-2376 (1.1%) and CP 00-1101 (1.7%).