Technical Abstract: One distinguishing and over-ridding conclusion found in reviews comparing organically vs. conventionally grown produce is that variables shared alike by organic and conventional produce during production, harvest and post-harvest handling and storage were not applied. As a result, accurate and meaningful conclusions comparing the nutritional quality of organic and conventional produce are difficult to ascertain. Paring common production variables such as the physical, biological and chemical/nutritional attributes of soils, the irrigation sources and amounts, crop varieties, crop maturities and harvest dates, pre- and post-harvest processing, handling and/or storage methods would, individually and collectively, provide greater clarity as to how inputs unique to organic and conventional systems affect produce nutritional quality. Variables to be paired during production, harvest and post-harvest handling and storage studies comparing organic vs. conventional produce are discussed along with findings indicating that organic crops often have higher dry matter, ascorbic acid, phenolics and sugars and lower moisture, nitrates, and proteins contents and yields than conventionally grown crops. Recent studies of nutritional quality in organic vs. conventional produce also indicate that soil nitrogen delivery rates strongly affect nutritional quality. Nitrogen profiling is a promising new approach to improving the nutritional quality of both organic and conventional produce.