Technical Abstract: Improved nutrient cycling and reduced soil nutrient accumulation are perceived benefits of management-intensive grazing. Some management-intensive practices, such as increased stocking rates, rapid rotations, and supplemental feeding could affect the soil resource through nutrient additions and the concentration of grazing animals. In this case study of a beef cattle farm in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, we compared changes in soil P levels before and after a change from row crops and hay production in the 1980s to management-intensive grazing during 1990 to 2010. Soil P data from detailed farm management records maintained since 1980 were augmented with spatially explicit soil sampling in 1999, 2004, and 2010. Pastures on fields that historically had received large amounts of manure and were used for corn silage production changed the most in soil test P (132 mg kg-1 P in 1980 to 70 mg kg-1 in 2010). Soil test P levels in fields used for corn grain production in the 1980s decreased by 30%, fields used for hay production decreased by 26%, and permanent pastures decreased by 17%. The decreases in soil test P probably resulted from less inorganic P imported for use on corn, increased off-take of P in hay and grazed forage, and perhaps redistribution of P around the farm from changes in cropping and grazing management.