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Submitted to: ASABE Annual International Meeting
Publication Type: Proceedings Publication Acceptance Date: 1/14/2011 Publication Date: N/A Citation: N/A Interpretive Summary: Changes in odor compound content and composition and the relative flux after simulated manure application of swine manure from three manure storage systems (lagoon, pit, and slurry tank) were evaluated over a year. Alcohols, volatile fatty acids, and aromatic compounds were detected in all manure samples, but substantial differences between the three structure types and even within structure type were observed. Generally, lagoon effluent had lowest nutrient and odor compound content, and pits and slurry tanks had the greatest. The differences within manure storage structure were attributed to different management practices. As for the emissions of odor compounds from storage structures, aromatic compounds were especially important based on their high relative emission. When slurry was surface applied to soil, aromatic compounds were emitted over a longer period of time compared to the other two odor compound classes. No odor compound fluxes were observed when the manure was applied 6” below the soil surface. Finally, greater seasonal fluxes, particularly of aromatic compounds, were observed during winter and spring compared to summer and fall. These findings affirm that subsurface manure injection during fall is a superior management practice for limiting odor compound emissions. Technical Abstract: Changes in odor compound content and composition and the relative flux after simulated manure application of swine manure from three manure storage systems (lagoon, pit, and slurry tank) were evaluated over a year. Swine manure samples were collected at the surface and from the bottom of the manure storage from five swine production sites with four replicates per storage structure type. A variety of odor compounds including alcohols (C2 to C5), straight and branched-chain volatile fatty acids (C2 to C8), and aromatic compounds (phenols and indoles) were detected in manure samples, but substantial differences between the three structure types and even within structure type were observed. Generally, lagoon effluent had lowest nutrient and odor compound content, and pits and slurry tanks had the greatest. The differences within manure storage structure were attributed to different management practices (manure inputs, types of animals, or diet). As for the fluxes of odor compounds from storage structures, aromatic compounds were especially important based on their high relative emission. When manure slurry was surface applied to soil, aromatic compounds were emitted over a longer period of time compared to the other two odor compound classes. No odor compound fluxes were observed when the manure was applied 6” below the soil surface. Finally, greater seasonal fluxes, particularly of aromatic compounds, were observed during winter and spring compared to summer and fall. These findings affirm that subsurface manure injection during fall is a superior management practice for limiting odor compound emissions. |
