Technical Abstract: Conventional plow tillage (CT) is a common soil management practice under irrigated continuous corn (Zea mays L.) in the semiarid central Great Plains that requires a relatively high nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate to optimize grain yield and economic returns. This study investigated how four rates of N input (0, 67, 101, and 224 kg N ha) under irrigated CT management affects aboveground corn production, stover characteristics and crop biomass. We also examined soil quality parameters under these treatments, including total soil C (TSC) and soil particulate organic matter (POM), soil organic C (SOC) and total soil N (TSN) stocks in the 0-7.6, 0-15.2, and 0-30.4 cm soil depths of a clay loam soil. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased corn grain, stalks, cob and stover yields as well as C and N content of the biomass. The C:N ratios of stalks and stover decreased with increasing N rate, but cob C:N ratios did not change. Increasing N rate increased TSN concentration in 0-7.6 and 7.6-15.2 cm depths and decreased C:N ratio in all soil layers between 1999 and 2008. We found no significant change in SOC and POM-C stocks under increasing N fertilizer addition after 10 years of irrigated, CT continuous corn despite higher stover yields, and the stover C and N returned to the soil after harvest with increasing N rate. The lack of C storage with increasing C inputs suggests that decomposition processes dominate the SOC stocks.