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Research Project: GENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT QUALITY

Location: Corn, Soybean and Wheat Quality Research Unit

Title: Development of a benchtop baking method for chemically leavened crackers. II. Validation of the method

Authors
item Kweon, Meera
item Slade, Louise -
item Levine, Harry -

Submitted to: Cereal Chemistry
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: December 20, 2010
Publication Date: January 1, 2011
Repository URL: http://handle.nal.usda.gov/10113/53708
Citation: Kweon, M., Slade, L., Levine, H. 2011. Development of a benchtop baking method for chemically leavened crackers. II. Validation of the method. Cereal Chemistry. 88(1):25-30.

Interpretive Summary: By the use of a diagnostic cracker formula and procedure, cracker dough rheology was analyzed to evaluate the extent of gluten development in a flour during dough mixing and machining, and the effects of added enzymes on cracker-baking performance were explored to assess the impact of damaged starch and pentosans in flour. Validation of the cracker-baking method for predicting gluten functionality and performance was carried out using various flours. Gluten development during dough machining showed a significant correlation with cracker-baking performance; dough rheological properties, for dough in the direction of sheeting, were positively correlated with the ratio of baked cracker height to dough weight, but negatively correlated with the ratio of baked cracker width to length. Xylanase and a-amylase showed the improving effects of added enzymes on cracker-baking performance, resulting directly from decreased dough crumbliness and manifested as increased cracker height. A flour’s gluten performance ratio of SRC LA/(SC+Suc) was found to be a better predictor of resulting baked cracker geometry than was that flour’s gluten functionality value of LA SRC alone.

Technical Abstract: A benchtop baking method has been developed to predict the contribution of gluten functionality to overall flour performance for chemically leavened crackers. Using a diagnostic formula and procedure, dough rheology was analyzed to evaluate the extent of gluten development during mixing and machining. The effects of enzymes on cracker-baking performance were explored to assess the impact of damaged starch and pentosans (arabinoxylans). Validation of the method for predicting gluten functionality and performance was carried out using various flours. Cracker dough rheology, measured in the direction of sheeting, showed a positive correlation with the ratio of cracker height to dough weight, but a negative correlation with the ratio of cracker width to length. Use of alpha-amylase and xylanase demonstrated the improving effects of enzymes on a flour’s cracker-baking performance, resulting from decreased dough crumbliness and increased cracker height. A flour’s gluten performance ratio of lactic acid solvent retention capacity (LA SRC)/(sodium carbonate (SC) SRC + sucrose (Suc) SRC) (SRC LA/(SC+Suc)) was found to be a better predictor of cracker geometry than was a flour’s gluten functionality value of LA SRC alone. Flours with a gluten performance ratio of < 0.52 produced unacceptable, excessive blistering during cracker baking.

   

 
Project Team
Baik, Byung-Kee
Redinbaugh, Margaret - Peg
 
Publications
   Publications
 
Related National Programs
  Quality and Utilization of Agricultural Products (306)
 
Related Projects
   GLOBAL WHEAT BREEDING, LOCAL FLOUR SOURCING
   COOPERATIVE MILLING AND BAKING EVALUATION FOR EASTERN U.S. WHEAT BREEDING PROGRAMS
   NEW SOFT WHEAT CULTIVARS FOR THE WHEAT QUALITY COUNCIL
 
 
Last Modified: 05/25/2013
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