ARS | Publication request: Genetic effects of individual chromosomes in cotton cultivars detected by using chromosome substitution lines as genetic probes

Submitted to: Genetica
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: September 28, 2010
Publication Date: December 1, 2010
Citation: Wu, J., Jenkins, J.N., McCarty Jr., J.C., Saha, S. 2010. Genetic effects of individual chromosomes in cotton cultivars detected by using chromosome substitution lines as genetic probes. Genetica. 138:1171-1179.

Interpretive Summary: Determining which chromosomes or chromosome arm desirable genes are located on should provide useful genetic information for crop improvement. In this study agronomic and fiber data for 13 cotton chromosome substitution lines, TM-1, five commercial cultivars, and their 70 F2 hybrids were analyzed. A modified genetic additive-dominance model was used for data analyses. Chromosome additive and dominance variance components were determined. On average, each chromosome or chromosome arm was associated with 6.5 agronomic or fiber traits. The chromosomes or chromosome arms, which contributed significant additive variance included 2, 16, 18, 25, 5sh (short arm), 14sh, 15sh, 22sh, and 22Lo (long arm). The results showed that chromosome substitution line CS-B25 was favorably associated with several fiber traits. Cultivar FM966 was favorably associated with both yield and fiber traits with alleles on multiple chromosomes or chromosome arms. This study provides genetic information on pure line development for improved traits such as yield and fiber quality.

Technical Abstract: Determination of chromosomes or chromosome arms with desirable genes in different inbred lines and/or crosses should provide useful genetic information for crop improvement. In this study, we applied a modified additive-dominance model to analyze a data set of 13 cotton chromosome substitution lines and their recurrent parent TM-1, five commercial cultivars, and their 70 F2 hybrids. The chromosome additive and dominance variance components for eight agronomic and fiber traits were determined. On average, each chromosome or chromosome arm was associated with 6.5 traits in terms of additive and/or dominance effects. The chromosomes or chromosome arms, which contributed significant additive variances for the traits investigated, included 2, 16, 18, 25, 5sh (short arm), 14sh, 15sh, 22sh, and 22Lo (long arm). Chromosome additive effects were also predicted in this study. The results showed that CS-B 25 was favorably associated with several fiber traits, while FM966 was favorably associated with both yield and fiber traits with alleles on multiple chromosomes or chromosome arms. Thus, this study should provide valuable genetic information on pure line development for several improved traits such as yield and fiber quality.