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ARS Home » Southeast Area » Stuttgart, Arkansas » Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center » Research » Publications at this Location » Publication #233133

Title: Impact of Production Practices on Physicochemical Properties of Rice Grain Quality

Author
item Bryant, Rolfe
item ANDERS, MERLE - UNIV. OF AR RREC
item McClung, Anna

Submitted to: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 7/13/2011
Publication Date: 8/31/2011
Citation: Bryant, R.J., Anders, M.M., Mcclung, A.M. 2011. Impact of Production Practices on Physicochemical Properties of Rice Grain Quality. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. DOI 10.1002/jsfa.4608.

Interpretive Summary: Planting rice on rows can be a great benefit to farmers by reducing their production cost. However, what effect growing rice on rows has on cooking and processing quality has not been fully evaluated. This research evaluated of two cultivars, CLXL 729 and CLXL 730, to see if planting them on rows had an influence on their cooking and processing quality and if different rate of N release or crop rotation made a difference. The results showed that the yields of both were lower with row rice as compared to flooded rice. The protein increased in CLXL729 but did not in CLXL 730. This data will be of interest to farmers, processors, and scientists in the rice industries.

Technical Abstract: Planting rice (Oryza sativa L.) in rows using the bed and furrow system can be a great benefit to farmers by decreasing water usage, labor and fuel costs. However, the disadvantages are increased insect and weed infestation, increased diseases, and lower field yields. With the release of new cultivars the field yields have increased and the incidents of diseases have decreased. Though the above problems are constantly checked, what affect growing rice on rows have on processing and cooking quality (grain quality) using the new cultivars have not been determined. Also, does the rate of N release have an influence on grain quality? Two studies were conducted in 2006 and 2007 to determine if the rate of N release, crop rotation, or water management has an effect on grain quality. CLXL 730 was used in 2006 and CLXL 729 was used in 2007 for both studies. Application of N increased yield and protein content, whereas, the rate of N release did not have an effect. Planting rice using continuous rice rotation lowered the field yield and protein content as compared to planting rice after soybeans (Glycine max L.). Planting rice in rows decreased the yield in both years, whereas, the protein content increased in 2006 and decreased in 2007. Amylose was not affected by the rate of N released, crop rotation or water management. Gelatinization temperature was decreased by the application of N in 2006 but increased in 2007. However, the rate of N release had no effect. RVA profile was decreased by planting rice in rows and adding N, whereas, neither the rate of N release nor crop rotation had an effect on the RVA profile. Though statistical differences were seen in these studies, the change was small and therefore may not affect the processing or cooking quality of the cultivars tested. However, the effects were different each year and, thus, could vary with other cultivars.