2012 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416): Quantify differences in measurement methods by comparing manual with automated chamber techniques using new Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCL) and Wavelength-Scanned Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (WS-CRDS) for wetland/cropland/rangeland mixed-use agricultural ecosystems. 1b.Approach (from AD-416): We will set up arrays of probes in mixed-use agricultural sites to continuously and manually monitor gas fluxes, soil moisture and soil temperature. Manual measurements will be collected weekly and compared with automated data collection chambers. 3.Progress Report: We succeeded in completing the first phase of this project with the design and implementation of the automated chamber measurement system. In this initial phase, we. 1)deployed and tested an automated chamber system;. 2)programmed a quantum cascade laser into the automated system;. 3)performed both manual versus automated chamber measurements; and. 4)set up and calibrated an automated soil measurement system. Data analyses are pending.