2012 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416): Model seedling population dynamics. 1b.Approach (from AD-416): The approach is use the data collected by ARS in this project to model the short term seedling population dynamics. 3.Progress Report: Progress was made on Objective 3 from parent Project 5360-22000-004-00D: Validate the improved Ecologically-Based Invasive Plant Management (EBIPM) framework for use in cheatgrass and medusahead-dominated or threatened ecosystems. Initial population models have been developed and we have finalized the experimental design and data collection procedures for fitting the population models.