2012 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416): 1) Conduct preliminary laboratory tests and develop small field plot bioassays to evaluate soil treatments for efficacy against MFF, OFF, and MF. 2) Conduct field tests of most promising diazinon replacements against larvae and pupae of MFF, OFF, and MF. 1b.Approach (from AD-416): Tests will be conducted in the laboratory and in small field tests in Hawaii with MFF, OFF, and MF. Seven treatments will be laboratory formulated and field tested:. 1)Warrior,. 2)Force,. 3)Gardstar,. 4)Entrust,. 5)Cyazypyr,. 6)Radiant, and. 7)Diazinon. Treatments against larvae and pupae will be tested in plastic containers in the laboratory and later in small pots with soil with four replications in a completely randomized block design and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA)(Proc GLM) and means separated with a least significant difference (LSD) test at the P = 0.05 level. 3.Progress Report: One goal of the cooperative research of this agreement is the evaluation of soil treatments for control of fruit fly; this directly relates to objective 6 of the in-house project. Conventional fruit fly control methods such as bait sprays, male annihilation, and ground treatments rely heavily on organophosphate insecticides. Continued registration of many organophosphate insecticides for use in the U. S. is in doubt. A current example is the loss of diazinon as a ground treatment for fruit flies. Previously, ARS and Washington State University WSU Scientists conducted laboratory soil treatment studies of the following non-organophosphate products for three species of fruit flies (Mediterranean fruit fly (MFF), oriental fruit fly (OFF), and melon fly (MF)): Admire (Imidacloprid), Regent (fipronil), Force (Tefluthrin), Platinum (Thiamethoxam), and Warrior (Lamda Cyhalothrin). These insecticides were compared to Diazinon Ag 500. Force and Warrior were the most promising insecticides for all 3 fruit fly species. Regent was a good control for OFF and MF. Admire and Platinum were good controls for MFF and OFF. In the present study scientists from ARS, Hawaii, Florida Department of Agriculture and WSU scientists are doing additional studies of six promising compounds: Warrior II (Lambda-Cyhalothrin), Gardstar (Permethrin), Cyazypyr (Cyantraniliprole), Entrust (Spinosad), Intrepid 2F (Methoxyphenocide) and Radiant (Spinetoram) in the laboratory for replacement of diazinon against MFF, OFF, and MF. The efficacy of the test compounds will be compared to that of Diazinon Ag 500. Subsequently field plot efficacy tests will be conducted. These studies are important to fruit fly area-wide suppression/eradication programs worldwide.