2011 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) Objective 1: Develop and validate assessments of behavioral factors that influence energy intake by a) development and validation of a satiety index of foods that reflects interactions of food with physical activity, body mass index, gender, and age; and b) determination of the effect of exercise on energy intake and eating rate. Objective 2: Develop methods for assessing patterns of energy expenditure that include a) validation of breath markers as indicators of energy substrate utilization and; b) characterization of seasonal patterns of energy expenditure and balance in free-living individuals using novel applications of existing technologies (e.g., GPS, accelerometry, heart rate monitoring, doubly labeled water). 1b.Approach (from AD-416) To complete the objectives of this proposal, we will conduct a series of studies with human volunteers. For Objective 1, we will model the satiating effects of selected individual food items and mixed meals. Our model will include the comparisons of hormonal and metabolic responses to food consumption to subjective satiety responses and subsequent energy intake, which we will evaluate in a repeated measures design human trial. In Objective 2a, we will conduct controlled feeding studies to determine the effects of caloric restriction and exercise on breath markers of substrate utilization. In Objective 2b, we will identify seasonal changes in body fat, as well as where, how much, and when physical activity and dietary intake vary seasonally. 3.Progress Report This is the annual report for the new OSQR-approved Project 5450-51000-049-00D that replaces Project 5450-51530-010-00D. (See separate annual report terminating that project. During FY2011, this project underwent OSQR review with approval in May 2011. Project planning and detailed protocol development are now just beginning. Review Publications Raatz, S.K. 2011. Metabolic factors, adipose tissue, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels in Type 2 diabetes. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.224386. Raatz, S.K. 2011. Benefits of modest weight loss in improving cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese individuals with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 34:1481-1486. Raatz, S.K. 2011. The development and description of the comparison group in the Look AHEAD trial. Clinical Trials. 8:320-329.