2011 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) Extensively phenotype and genotype diverse and designed germplasm pools to mine and deploy alleles that improve barley and wheat adaptation and performance under biotic and abiotic stress, and couple these activities with the training of a new generation of plant breeders. 1b.Approach (from AD-416) Develop and implement large- and small-scale SNP genotyping platforms for barley and wheat breeding programs, and test novel sequence-based genotyping platforms. Integrate the genotypic and phenotypic information into GRIN, GrainGenes, and Gramene databases and develop web-based tools to help breeders use this information. We will develop 48 and 384 SNP platforms dedicated to known genes or previously identified marker-trait associations for barley and wheat. These SNP platforms will be available at the Small Grains Genotyping Centers for breeders to characterize breeding lines in advanced yield trials. Simultaneously, we will test new genotyping technologies based on high-throughput sequencing platforms (e.g. gene capture and sequence-based genotyping) in barley and wheat and implement them as they become economically feasible. 3.Progress Report This project is related to inhouse objective 2: Develop improved methods of marker-assisted selection and apply markers in development of improved wheat and oat. During fiscal year 2011, the Eastern Regional Genotyping lab at Raleigh, NC evaluated single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping on barley seed samples to determine the feasibility of using half seed as a source of DNA for genotyping. Wheat DNA sequences were identified for the development of panels of markers for marker-assisted selection. More than 5,000 accessions in the wheat core collection were evaluated with markers for major genes for dwarfing and photoperiod sensitivity.