2012 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416): Evaluate new chemistries, alternative insecticide timing, improved application and enhanced sanitation to reduce navel orangeworm damage in pistachios. 1b.Approach (from AD-416): Initially, research will be conducted within the framework of the areawide program to control navel orangeworm in almonds, pistachios and walnuts. Research will focus on evaluating the efficacy of new chemistries in combination with existing insecticides. Further efforts will evaluate postharvest insecticide applications as well as sprays in late April/early May. 3.Progress Report: This agreement was established to support objective 2. B of the in house project. The research will focus on both overwintering survival of navel orangeworm, the principal insect pest of pistachios, as well as its survival and damage potential to the new crop. This information will help improve the quality of pistachios and help expand their export to the Asian market. Collections of unharvested nuts (mummies) from the previous year indicate a high overwintering population in Madera and Tulare counties. As many as 7 larvae have been recovered from a single unharvested pistachio, underscoring the need for thorough sanitation. Research is ongoing to establish the timing of the different flights of navel orangeworm and the optimum time to apply chemical and biological control. Improved timing will result in decreased damage and increased nut quality.