2012 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416): The objective of this cooperative project is to confirm efficacy of treated materials to kill stable flies over extended periods of time under laboratory and field conditions. 1b.Approach (from AD-416): Insecticide-treated fabrics will be bioassayed in the laboratory to obtain LT50s for each fabric type. Fabrics will be placed in the field around livestock research facilities in Ghana, Kenya and other African countries for management of biting flies. 3.Progress Report: This research is related to the in-house project Objective 3 - "Conceive and test applications of behavior-altering methods (e.g., behavior altering devices, attractants, repellents) for practical use, including repellents for livestock." Making agreements with cooperators for swine farms in Ghana is taking longer than expected, but construction of swine units began in July and the projected start time is early December 2012. Construction of dairy units in Kenya has begun and the projected start date is also in early December, 2012. Potential cooperators have been contacted in Nigeria and the Philippines for similar projects. Research updates take place by in-country visits by the ARS scientist in Gainesville, FL, visits to the U.S. by Vestergaard Frandsen personnel, informal conferences at national and international entomology meetings, and by phone and internet exchanges.