2011 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) To test and develop new higher-yielding disease-resistant sugarcane varieties and conduct research that will assist in their development. 1b.Approach (from AD-416) The parties will exchange experimental sugarcane clones and/or new varieties (hereinafter “Breeding Material”). ARS will evaluate the Breeding Material for reaction to sugarcane smut, mosaic, leaf scald, brown rust, and orange rust. Cooperator will evaluate Breeding Material for reaction to smut, mosaic, brown rust, and orange rust. Established protocols will be used for such evaluations. Breeding Material that demonstrate adequate resistance may be evaluated in replicated trials (at least 3 replications at 2 locations against 2 standard check varieties) to determine yield (tons cane and tons sugar per hectare). Breeding Material demonstrating resistance and yield characteristics may be use as parental Breeding Material in breeding efforts. 3.Progress Report This research relates to inhouse objective 1: Develop more efficient breeding and selection methodologies for cultivar development and to produce seed of selected sugarcane germplasm for use in Florida, Louisiana, and Texas. As a result of the cooperation three sugarcane clones have cleared the USDA-APHIS Sugarcane Quarantine are will be available for future crossing in the variety development program. This will help broaden our germplasm pool. Progress was monitored via emails and a visit from their scientists.