2012 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416): The objectives of this cooperative research project are to:. 1)develop technologies for integrative assessment and monitoring of ecologically important rangeland properties at multiple scales and. 2)to develop approaches for management and restoration of rangelands. 1b.Approach (from AD-416): Collaborative experiments will be designed and implemented at jointly identified sites in the Southwestern United States and China rangelands. Experiments will be patterned after existing experiments to (1) design assessment and monitoring technologies that level ground-based and remotely sensed indicators of ecosystem properties, and (2) design methods to identify and restore locales within landscapes where key processes can be manipulated to sustainably promote management for desired conditions. 3.Progress Report: In the spring 2012, two members of the research unit spent 3-6 weeks in Hohhot working on existing research projects and planning more extensive collaborative research on livestock grazing management practices for the remaining years of this projects. Several articles from this collaboration, including book chapters, are in preparation or in press. In addition, the research unit provided technical training for Chinese colleagues in modern methods of statistical analyses of existing long-term data sets. Chinese colleagues are planning extended stays in 2012-2013 with the research unit to further these collaborations.