2010 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) To measure the macronutrient digestibility and epigenetic effects of consumption of almonds as part of a controlled diet in humans. 1b.Approach (from AD-416) ARS will conduct a randomized clinical trial to investigate the effect of almonds, a high-fat, high-fiber food on nutrient absorption and will collect samples to evaluate epigenetic effects, and the effect of almonds on pathways associated with cancer and cardiovascular disease. 3.Progress Report This project focuses on measuring absorption of macronutrients from almonds and determining the energy value of this variety of nuts, as well as determining the effect of almond consumption on fecal microbiota. The intervention has been completed and data analyses are underway. Activities and progress of this Agreement are monitored through site visits, conference calls, and email correspondence.