2010 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) To develop sugar beet pulp-based composite bioplastics. Engineering materials with high performance properties from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) containing a large volume of sugar beet pulp or other biomass residues (60 w% or more) will be scaled up. The proposal fits well into the Project Plan, Objective 4 entitled "Develop novel, value-added biodegradable engineering materials by extrusion processing". The ERRC and WSU scientists have demonstrated that polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI), a chemical crosslinker, can be used as an effective interfacial modifier for SBP and PLA composites. The composites, even at SBP contents up to 40-50 wt%, still largely retain the high tensile strength of PLA. The proposed collaboration will allow the WSU team and ERRC to work together to optimize compounding and product manufacturing conditions for scale-up. The market for the end products are those requiring light weight-bearing materials, and materials with adjustable thermoconductivities and thermodiffusive properties. 1b.Approach (from AD-416) In general, the compounding of PLA/SBP composites will be performed in two steps. At the first step, SBP will be modified with pMDI under anhydrous conditions. This process will be monitored by FI-ATR-IR and SEM. At the second step, the modified SBP will be co-extruded with PLA and pMDI. The ERRC team will conduct the bench-top study, screening a set of reaction parameters, such as temperature, reaction time, and the ratios of SBP to pMDI. The WSU team will scale up the experiments, using a large volume reactor (50L or more) and a twin-screw extruder. The WSU team will also conduct the structure examination and mechanical analysis. Alternatively, the ERRC and WSU teams will work together to explore a new approach to combine the two steps of “surface modification” and “composite compounding” in one by the use of reactive extruder. 3.Progress Report Since the specific cooperative agreement was signed on 9/28/2009, a new type of composite material containing 95 wt% of sugar beet pulp was produced. In FY 2010, a series of studies were conducted to improve the water resistance of the resultant composites. Two manuscripts are in preparation. Research progress was monitored by telephone calls and e-mail.