2009 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) Whereas the work published previously has been useful, we seek to look beyond what has been done in order to bring fresh perspectives and to open up new opportunities. We propose to take advantage of what is known about edible beans and explore three areas of application: energy, materials, and specialty chemicals. 1b.Approach (from AD-416) We propose to carry out the initial work with neat, unextracted edible beans, because this is the fastest way to produce results. The next step is to carry out extractions. Some work is needed to determine the optimal extraction procedures. Thirdly, the different extracts will be studied for their commercial potential. Currently we plan to look at starch first, but the order of investigation may be changed during the study to optimize the efforts. Additional physical and/or chemical modifications may be needed to increase value of the extracts. In addition, some efforts will be expended to look at commercial potential of these various materials. 3.Progress Report Enzyme and ionic liquid catalyzed environmentally friendly green methods were developed to make esters of starch & polyacrylamide grafted starch. Green ways to chemically modify starch were successfully developed. This discovery may help the starch graft copolymers manufacturers to avoid the use of pollutants. A method to modify the cyclic polysaccharides (cyclodextrin or CD) molecule was also developed by a novel reaction called Click reaction. The modified CD has a potential to be used for detection of mycotoxin for food safety application, removal of cholesterol in food industry, and removal of toxic substances from the environment. The Authorized Departmental Officer’s Designated Representative monitored the activities of this agreement via written correspondence, e-mails, and phone calls.