2012 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416): Develop and evaluate new bioenergy cropping system strategies for the northeastern U.S. 1b.Approach (from AD-416): We will establish bioenergy cropping system trials to evaluate their productivity and environmental impacts. Systems will include perennial and annual cropping systems, cover crops to improve soil carbon, and mixed perennial and legume systems to evaluate their productivity and potential to reduce inputs. Research will be conducted over a range of landscape scales from plot and field scale to on-farm research. 3.Progress Report: The goal of the project was to develop and evaluate new bioenergy cropping system strategies for the northeastern U.S. Annual and perennial crops were established at the Penn State Hawbecker farm and other management practices were completed as appropriate during growing season including biomass harvest.