2009 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) To transfer technology needed to determine the effects of agricultural conservation practices on water quality from watersheds in India based on USDA monitoring and modeling approaches. 1b.Approach (from AD-416) Research is needed to expand plot, field, and watershed research in India and to also support enhancements within USDA watershed modeling techology for evaluation of the effects of agricultural conservation practices on water quality. As a result, assistance is needed in India for USDA scientists to collaborate in planning experiments pertaining to water quality research. An existing USDA-Foreign Agricultural Service-Borlaug Fellowship program between USDA and India has initiated cooperation and identified cooperative areas of research. Research will be developed to investigate the effect of agricultural practices utilized in India on hydrology, sediment transport and chemical transport at field to watershed scales. USDA scientists will provide technology transfer to Indian scientists concerning necessary monitoring techniques and modeling tools needed to evaluate the capability of conservation practices to control sediment, nutrient, and chemicals, initially at experimental sites in India. Improvements in USDA watershed models needed for Indian conditions will be investigated. 3.Progress Report Monitoring activities were performed through periodic conference calls and email communications with the cooperators. Technology transfer activities were performed with the cooperator through participation in planning a workshop in India describing USDA water quality monitoring and modeling research. USDA watershed modeling components were exchanged for application in Indian conditions, with technical assistance provided in the use of the models.