2011 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) Determine how fructan profiles in orchardgrass and bermudagrass forages are affected by the time of year in which they are grazed (early vs. late in the growing season), as well as by time of day. 1b.Approach (from AD-416) Orchardgrass and bermudagrass samples, collected in Virginia during the spring and late summer (mid-April to late August) will be analyzed for fructan content. Fructans will be extracted from the samples with boiling water and analyzed by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to pulsed amperometric detection (PAD). Profiles will be compared to those of a sample harvested at the optimal growth stage to determine how seasonal and diurnal variations affect the relative changes in amounts and types of fructans in the forages. 3.Progress Report The work during this reporting period consisted of statistically analyzing data generated in previous reporting periods, writing and submitting manuscripts based on the data, and revising manuscripts after acceptance by journals. This project was monitored by e-mail and telephone conversations with the collaborators.