2010 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) To select and cross superior sugarcane parents, produce true-seed and test new sugarcane clones to identify and release higher-yielding disease-resistant sugarcane cultivars. 1b.Approach (from AD-416) ARS and the Cooperator will produce and exchange true-seed (commonly called Fuzz), superior experimental lines, and/or new varieties (Material) for use in their respective breeding programs and/or for testing and evaluation as parental clones and/or as commercial cultivars. 3.Progress Report This research relates to inhouse objective 1. Develop more efficient breeding and selection methodologies for cultivar development and to produce seed of selected sugarcane germplasm for use in Florida, Louisiana, and Texas. In the 2009/2010 crossing season, 49,900 seeds from 197 crosses using 360 female tassels were sent by Canal Point to Texas A&M University. Of these 197 crosses, seeds from 135 crosses using 273 female tassels were made and shared between the two programs. Progress was monitored during one week that support personnel from Texas A&M spent at Canal Point making crosses for Texas. In addition, there were several emails and phone calls between scientists at College Station and Canal Point to decide on parent genotypes to be used for Texas and to identify genotypes not currently at Canal Point that needed to be imported.