2010 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) The objectives of this agreement are to determine the effects of pathogens and pesticides on honey bee health. We propose to conduct pathogenicity experiments with specific pathogens recently identified and linked to colony collapse disorder (CCD). Additionally, sequencing of the genomes of two microsporidain species (Nosema apis and N. ceranae) is proposed under this agreement. 1b.Approach (from AD-416) Honey bees will be exposed to viruses, bacteria, fungi or pesticides and monitored for effects including longevity. Interactions between pathogens and pesticides will be explored by exposing bees to pesticides and pathogens in specific pairs. Fluvalinate and coumaphos will be tested along with newly identified bee pathogens to determine if either act alone or in combination to impact bee health. The sequencing of the Nosema genomes will be accomplished through collaboration with the 4-5-4 sequencing center. 3.Progress Report In FY10 the final contributions on viral and Nosema pathogens were realized from the group at Columbia. Sequencing (4-5-4) of CCD affected bees and the genome of Nosema ceranae realized under this agreement along with data on viral strain variation in Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus. The progress of this project was monitored with continued exchanges of e-mails and phone calls during the year.