2011 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) To assess resistance among Salmonella and E. coli originating from bovine sources to 4th generation cephalosporins over time. NARMS isolates will be used and results will be compared to previous studies as well as to 17 other antimicrobials. Secondly, to assess resistance among Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium originating from bovine and porcine sources to macrolides over time. 1b.Approach (from AD-416) Bacterial will be cloned and a single clonotype will be tested for resistance to a custom made panel of antimicrobials important in human and veterinary medicine using the semi automated broth microdilution sensititre system. 3.Progress Report This project is related to objective 1 of this in-house project: To use antibiotic resistance data obtained from the Collaboration on Animal Health and Food Safety Epidemiology (CAHFSE) and the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System - Enteric Bacteria (NARMS) programs and poultry studies to identify sources, reservoirs and amplifiers of resistant food borne and commensal bacteria, as well as the path of dissemination of these resistant bacteria in food producing animals and poultry. Results may be used for risk assessment and in developing mitigation strategies. We are continuing to test Salmonella and generic E. coli isolates originating from cattle ollected as part of the animal arm of NARMS originating from cattle specimens on antimicrobials cefquinome sulfate and cefepime. These antimicrobials belong to a class of drugs called cephalosporins which are used to treat serious infections in both humans and animals. Additionally, all isolates are undergoing molecular analysis to determine which gene may be responsible for any decreased susceptibilities which are observed as well as detection of extended spectrum Beta-lactamases, enzymes which confer resistance to cephalosporin antimicrobials. Results from this testing will facilitate the identification of resistance as it arises and provide descriptive historical data on the extent and temporal trends of antimicrobial susceptibility to these drugs once they reach the veterinary community.