2008 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) To acquire and develop representative and accurate compositional values for nutrients and other nutritional components in dietary supplements. To develop a generic data documentation and evaluation system to assess the quality of data for nutritional supplements, to provide for the continuous monitoring of dietary supplement composition data, to establish guidelines for the generation and dissemination of high quality data. 1b.Approach (from AD-416) This project will develop and implement an expert system to evaluate the quality and representativeness of existing estimates for specific nutrients in nutritional supplements. Priorities for new nutrient analyses will be identified and ranked for those supplements which contribute up to 80% of the intake of specific nutrients for a representative sample of the U.S. population. Where nutrient data are inadequate for high priority dietary supplements, new values will be generated by analytical determination, calculation, or consultation with the dietary supplement industry. Samples of supplements to be analyzed will be selected using a probability-based approach and nationwide sampling. Valid chemical methods including rigorous analytical quality control will be employed. Effective modes of data dissemination will be developed to address the needs of data users. 3.Progress Report The Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) is working with the Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, to develop a Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID) in response to needs expressed by the public health research community. Obtaining complete information on total nutrient intake, including both foods and dietary supplements, is necessary for evaluating the associations between dietary components and health. A key goal of the DSID is to report levels of nutrients and other bioactive components in dietary supplements (DS). The foundation of the DSID will be analytical data, a foundation similar to that used in USDA food databases. Initially pilot studies were conducted to develop procedures and protocols, and results were published in 2008. During 2008 a study was conducted to analyze nutrient values for nationally representative adult multivitamin/mineral (MVM) products (n >2 vitamins) to provide estimates of the content and assess variability in products. Thirty-five commonly reported adult MVMs and 75 lower market share products were purchased in six geographic locations from various market channels and analyzed for 19 nutrients at qualified laboratories. The methods of analysis used in this study are generally acceptable for the analysis of multivitamin/mineral reference material according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). However, fat-soluble vitamins analyzed except for alpha-tocopherol are more difficult to analyze consistently and accurately, especially vitamin A and vitamin D. NDL scientists will imput nutrient values for similar products not chemically analyzed using statistically appropriate methods. The DSID-1 will be scheduled for release for use by researchers and the public in early FY 2009. Other studies underway include a children’s MVM study to determine the relationship between label and analytical values for up to 22 nutrients. Twenty of the most commonly reported children’s MVMs and 45 products from the lower market share category were purchased. The final data will be used to estimate nutrient intakes from children’s MVMs reported in national surveys. In addition, a study of 20 commonly reported supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids in fish and flaxseed oil products is underway. During FY08, a federal stakeholder meeting was organized to discuss formats for the DSID-1 data release and obtain input from government researchers, with representatives from 16 federal offices or agencies in attendance. This research to be undertaken falls under National Program 107-Component 4, Composition of Foods, Performance Goal 3.1.2 for food composition and consumption. There is a requirement to "develop techniques for determining food composition, maintain national food composition databases, [and] monitor the food and nutrient consumption of the U.S. population." In addition, the Action Plan discusses the fact that the national nutrition focus is shifting from the prevention of nutrient deficiencies to emphasizing health and reducing disease risk. 6.Technology Transfer Number of Non-Peer Reviewed Presentations and Proceedings 4 Review Publications Andrews, K., Schweitzer, A., Zhao, C., Holden, J.M., Roseland, J.M., Brandt, M., Dwyer, J., Picciano, M., Saldanha, L., Fisher, K., Yetley, E., Betz, J., Douglass, L. 2007. The caffeine content of dietary supplements commonly purchased in the U.S.: Analysis of 53 products having caffeine-containing ingredients. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 389(1): 231-239.