2008 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) Conduct yearly, accurate nationwide data collection of food intakes and related behavior of the U.S. population, and analyze and disseminate survey data. Expand usability of the USDA Dietary Intake Data System and its components to the research community. Maintain the USDA Dietary Survey Databases to reflect the U.S. food supply and release periodic versions. 1b.Approach (from AD-416) The research approach is to maintain and enhance the components of the USDA Dietary Intake Data System to assure that the dietary collection method, the USDA Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM), and the supporting systems and databases result in the collection of dietary data that are scientifically sound, accurate, and valid. The USDA AMPM is being used to collect 10,000 dietary recalls yearly in the What We Eat in America Survey, the dietary component of NHANES. The Food Surveys Research Group has lead responsibility for not only the dietary collection, but also the data processing and release. The numerous applications developed as part of the USDA Dietary Intake Data System for data collection and processing will be continuously maintained and updated, and wherever possible, adapted for use by the nutrition research community. 3.Progress Report The Food Surveys Research Group (FSRG) is conducting quality control oversight for dietary intake data collection, coding, and processing for What We Eat In America (WWEIA), the dietary interview component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008. During 2008, the 2007 dietary data collected in WWEIA were reviewed and edited using a 4-step quality control and review program. The review and update of the USDA 5-step Automated Multiple Pass Method, the method used to collect 24-hour dietary recall in WWEIA, was also completed in FY08 for implementation in the 2009 collection year. To assure that supporting survey food databases are current and reflect important changes in the U.S. food market, selected food categories are being reviewed to check for new foods, changes to current foods in the database, and for new portion sizes. Analysis of the 2005-2006 WWEIA, NHANES data is underway to construct summary data tables and dietary data briefs for release on the FSRG Web site in FY09 and for research papers, including such topics as nutrient intakes by weight status, water intake in relation to other beverages, and newly defined food group intakes by age/gender groups. This research supports National Program 107, Human Nutrition, Component 3, Nutrition Monitoring. 4.Accomplishments 1. National survey data on What We Eat in America, NHANES 2005-2006 released on the internet. Through an ongoing collaboration with the National Center for Health Statistics of DHHS, the Food Surveys Research Group (FSRG) has the leadership role for dietary data collection and processing of What We Eat in America (WWEIA), NHANES. FSRG is in the seventh successful year of that agreement. New nationwide dietary intake data were collected in WWEIA for the years 2005-2006 and were released on the Internet for public use. The data include information on dietary intakes of 9,349 individuals from two nonconsecutive day 24-hour dietary recalls along with sample weights that can be used to make estimates about intakes of the U.S. population. These data are used by Federal- and state-level decision makers and researchers in such tasks as monitoring the nutritional adequacy of U.S. diets, measuring the impact of food fortification on nutrient intakes, estimating exposure of population groups to contaminants, developing dietary guidance, and assessing the demand for agricultural products. Linked with health indicators from other components of the NHANES, these data provide opportunities to study relationships between eating patterns and health conditions. The data are accessible from www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg. This research supports National Program 107, Human Nutrition, Component 3, Nutrition Monitoring. 2. Summary data tables from WWEIA, NHANES released on the internet. Dietary intake data collected in the 2005-2006 What We Eat In America (WWEIA), the dietary interview component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and in the 2003-2004 WWEIA, NHANES have been analyzed and 16 summary data tables have been developed. These tables provide estimates of mean intakes from food for energy and 61 nutrients/dietary components, as well as the contribution of protein, fat, carbohydrate, and alcohol to daily calorie intakes for 21 age/gender groups throughout the life cycle, as well as by race/ethnicity and income groups. Race/ethnicity categories included white, black, and Mexican-American. Income data are reported as annual family income, as well as by the percentage of the Federal poverty threshold. The availability of these tables is beneficial in providing population level results on reported nutrient intakes to food and nutrition program policy and decision makers in Federal, state, and local government, researchers at academic institutions, nutrition scientists and educators, and food and agricultural specialists in industry. The tables are accessible from www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg. This research supports National Program 107, Human Nutrition, Component 3, Nutrition Monitoring. 3. Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies updated and released. The USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies 3.0 (FNDDS) was released on the Internet in FY08. The FNDDS is an extensive database of foods as consumed in the U.S. that is used to code foods and portion sizes and to calculate nutrients for the large-scale Federal food consumption survey, What We Eat In America (WWEIA), the dietary intake component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). FNDDS contains information for more than 13,500 foods. Values for food energy and 63 other nutrients are included for each food, as well as weights for common portions of the food. Most of the nutrient values in FNDDS are derived from the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference 20. New versions of FNDDS are released every two years to accompany the release of the WWEIA, NHANES data. This update (version 3.0) of FNDDS was used to process food intakes from WWEIA, NHANES 2005-2006. The database is also a valuable research tool for scientists conducting studies that collect food intake data. The database is accessible from www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg. This research supports the National Program 107, Human Nutrition, Component 3, Nutrition Monitoring. 4. AMPM found to reduce bias in collection of energy intakes. Results from the Automated Multiple Pass Method (AMPM) Validation Study, conducted by the Food Surveys Research Group (FSRG) in collaboration with scientists at the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center’s Food Components and Health Laboratory and Food Intake and Energy Regulation Laboratory, on 524 adults found that energy intakes were underreported using the AMPM by 11% overall and by less than 3% for normal-weight subjects. These results place the AMPM as one of, if not the most, accurate dietary intake recall methods available today. The scientific paper reporting these results is in press. This research supports the National Program 107, Human Nutrition, Component 3, Nutrition Monitoring, and Component 4, Nutrient Requirements. 5.Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations Collaboration in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span Study (HANDLS): The primary objective of HANDLS is to create a representative 20-year longitudinal study across the lifespan focused on investigating the differential influences of race and socioeconomic status on health. The study sample includes white and African-Americans 30-64 years of age from both low and high socioeconomic strata residing in Baltimore City, Maryland. Anticipating attrition rates over the life of the study, the initial sample is 4,000 participants. Food Surveys Research Group (FSRG) scientists have collaborated on the dietary component of HANDLS by providing scientific and technical support for the successful launch of dietary data collection that began in the fall of 2005. Numerous training sessions were conducted for HANDLS staff on the use of the USDA Automated Multiple Pass Method for collection of 24-hour recalls and SurveyNet for coding and analysis of dietary intake data. Once dietary data collection was underway, FSRG scientists have provided technical oversight of the data processing steps and systems, assuring data quality and integrity. 6.Technology Transfer Number of Web Sites Managed 1 Number of Non-Peer Reviewed Presentations and Proceedings 14 Number of Newspaper Articles and Other Presentations for Non-Science Audiences 2 Number of Other Technology Transfer 5 Review Publications Rumpler, W.V., Rhodes, D.G., Moshfegh, A.J., Paul, D.R., Kramer, M.H. 2008. Identifying sources of reporting error using measured food intake. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 62(4):544-52. Picciano, M.F., Dwyer, J.T., Radimer, K.L., Wilson, D.H., Fisher, K.D., Thomas, P.R., Yetley, E.A., Moshfegh, A.J., Levy, P.S., Nielsen, S.J., Marriott, B.M. 2007. Dietary supplement use among infants, children, and adolescents in the United States, 1999-2002. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 161(10)978-985. Sebastian, R.S., Cleveland, L.E., Goldman, J.D. 2008. Effect of snacking frequency on adolescents' dietary intakes and meeting national recommendations. Journal of Adolescent Health. 42:503-511. Paul, D., Kramer, M.H., Stote, K.S., Spears, K.E., Moshfegh, A.J., Baer, D.J., Rumpler, W.V. 2008. Estimates of adherence and error analysis of physical activity data collected via accelerometry in a large study of free-living adults. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 8:38. Moshfegh, A.J., Rhodes, D.G., Baer, D.J., Murayi, T., Clemens, J.C., Rumpler, W.V., Paul, D.R., Sebastian, R.S., Kuczynski, K.J., Ingwersen, L.A., Staples, R.C., Cleveland, L.E. 2008. The US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method reduces bias in the collection of energy intakes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 88:324-332.