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Ethan Hartwig
Foreign Animal Disease Research
Microbiologist

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Publications (Clicking on the reprint icon Reprint Icon will take you to the publication reprint.)
Evaluation of potential recombination events in codon deoptimized FMDV strains Reprint Icon - (Abstract Only)
Spinard, E., Fish, I., Azzinaro, P.A., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Mogulothu, A., Rodriguez-Calzada, M., Arzt, J., De Los Santos, T.B., Medina, G.N. 2023. Evaluation of potential recombination events in codon deoptimized FMDV strains. Meeting Abstract. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15030670.
Evaluation of potential in vitro recombination events in codon deoptimized FMDV strains Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Spinard III, E.J., Fish, I., Azzinaro, P.A., Rodriguez-Calzada, M., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Arzt, J., De Los Santos, T.B., Medina, G.N. 2022. Evaluation of potential in vitro recombination events in codon deoptimized FMDV strains. Viruses. 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/v15030670.
Foot-and-mouth disease virus SAT2 sequences purified from co-infected Cape buffalo in Kenya Reprint Icon - (Other)
Palinski, R., Sangula, A., Gakuya, F., Bertram, M.R., Pauszek, S., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Obanda, V., Vanderwaal, K., Arzt, J., Omondi, G. 2022. Foot-and-mouth disease virus SAT2 sequences purified from co-infected Cape buffalo in Kenya. Microbiology Resource Announcements. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01204.x.
Foot-and-mouth disease virus SAT1 sequences purified from co-infected Cape buffalo in Kenya Reprint Icon - (Other)
Palinski, R., Sangula, A., Gakuya, F., Bertram, M.R., Pauszek, S., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Obanda, V., Vanderwaal, K., Arzt, J., Omondi, G. 2022. Foot-and-mouth disease virus SAT1 sequences purified from co-infected Cape buffalo in Kenya. Microbiology Resource Announcements. https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00584-22.
Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes O and A from outbreaks in Pakistan 2011-2012 Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stenfeldt, C., Bertram, M.R., Holinka-Patterson, L., Farooq, U., Ahmed, Z., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Rodriguez, L.L., Arzt, J., Naeem, K. 2022. Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes O and A from outbreaks in Pakistan 2011-2012 . Microbiology Resource Announcements. https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00574-22.
Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes A and O obtained from subclinically infected Asian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Pakistan Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stenfeldt, C., Bertram, M.R., Holinka-Patterson, L., Fish, I., Farooq, U., Ahmed, Z., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Rodriguez, L.L., Arzt, J., Naeem, K. 2022. Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes A and O obtained from subclinically infected Asian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Pakistan . Microbiology Resource Announcements. https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00575-22.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus interserotypic recombination in superinfected carrier cattle Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Fish, I., Bertram, M.R., Stenfeldt, C., Smoliga, G.R., Hartwig, E.J., Holinka-Patterson, L.G., De Los Santos, T.B., Spinard III, E.J., Medina, G.N., Arzt, J., Azzinaro, P.A. 2022. Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus interserotypic recombination in superinfected carrier cattle. Pathogens. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11060644.
Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia-1 obtained from subclinically infected Asian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Pakistan Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stenfeldt, C., Bertram, M.R., Holinka-Patterson, L.G., Fish, I., Farooq, U., Ahmed, Z., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Rodriguez, L.L., Arzt, J., Naeem, K., Meek, H.C., Pauszek, S.J. 2022. Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia-1 obtained from subclinically infected Asian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Pakistan. Microbiology Resource Announcements. https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00312-22.
Foot-and-mouth disease virus Asia-1 lineage Sindh-08 from outbreaks in Pakistan 2011-2012 Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bertram, M.R., Stenfeldt, C., Holinka-Patterson, L.G., Fish, I., Farooq, U., Ahmedc, Z., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Rodriguez, L.L., Arzt, J., Naeem, K., Meek, H.C., Pauszek, S.J. 2022. Foot-and-mouth disease virus Asia-1 lineage Sindh-08 from outbreaks in Pakistan 2011-2012. Microbiology Resource Announcements. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mra.00312-22.
Viral population diversity during co-infection of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes SAT1 and SAT2 in African buffalo in Kenya Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Palinski, R., Brito, B., Jaya, F., Sangula, A., Gakuya, F., Bertram, M.R., Pauszek, S.J., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Obanda, V., Omondi, G., Vanderwaal, K., Arzt, J. 2022. Viral population diversity during co-infection of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes SAT1 and SAT2 in African buffalo in Kenya. Viruses. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14050897.
Genome of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) contaminating a continuous LFBK-aVß6 cell line Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Holinka-Patterson, L.G., Fish, I., Bertram, M.R., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Stenfeldt, C., Rodriguez, L.L., Arzt, J. 2022. Genome of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) contaminating a continuous LFBK-aVß6 cell line. Microbiology Resource Announcements. https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.01167-21.
Simultaneous and staggered footand-mouth disease virus coinfection of cattle Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Arzt, J., Bertram, M.R., Fish, I., Smoliga, G.R., Hartwig, E.J., Pauszek, S., Diaz San Segundo, F.C., Sitt, T., Rieder, A.E., Stenfeldt, C. 2021. Simultaneous and staggered footand-mouth disease virus coinfection of cattle. Journal of Virology. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01650-21.
The risk and mitigation of foot-and-mouth disease virus infection of pigs through consumption of contaminated feed - (Abstract Only)
The risk and mitigation of foot-and-mouth disease virus infection of pigs through consumption of contaminated feed Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stenfeldt, C., Bertram, M.R., Crocket, H., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Niederwerder, M., Diel, D., Dee, S., Arzt, J. 2021. The risk and mitigation of foot-and-mouth disease virus infection of pigs through consumption of contaminated feed. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14230.
Novel recombinant foot-and-mouth disease virus circulating in Vietnam Reprint Icon - (Other)
Bertram, M.R., Brito, B., Palinski, R., Fish, I., Pauszek, S., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Vu, L.T., Dung, D.H., Arzt, J., Hoang, B.H., Phuong, N.T., Vu, P.P., Dung, N.K., Tien, N.N., Dong, P.V. 2021. Novel recombinant foot-and-mouth disease virus circulating in Vietnam. Microbiology Resource Announcements. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01263-20.
Duration of Contagion of FMDV in Infected Live Pigs and Carcasses Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stenfeldt, C., Bertram, M., Smoliga, G.R., Hartwig, E.J., Delgado, A., Arzt, J. 2020. Duration of Contagion of FMDV in Infected Live Pigs and Carcasses. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00334.
Genome sequences of 7 foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates reveal diversity in the O/ME-SA/Ind2001 lineage in India between Reprint Icon - (Other)
Bertram, M., Palinski, R., Pauszek, S.J., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Biswal, J.K., Ranjan, R., Subramaniam, S., Mohapatra, J.K., Arzt, J., Das, B., Fish, I.H., Pattanaik, B. 2020. Genome sequences of 7 foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates reveal diversity in the O/ME-SA/Ind2001 lineage in India between. Microbiology Resource Announcements. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00287-20.
The role of African buffalo in the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in sympatric cattle and buffalo populations in Kenya Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Omondi, G., Gakuya, F., Arzt, J., Sangula, A., Hartwig, E.J., Pauszek, S.J., Smoliga, G.R., Brito, B.P., Perez, A., Obanda, V., Vanderwaal, K. 2020. The role of African buffalo in the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in sympatric cattle and buffalo populations in Kenya. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13573.
Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O/CATHAY near full-length genomes from 5 outbreaks in Vietnam, 2017-2019 Reprint Icon - (Database / Dataset)
Vierra, D., Bertman, M., Palinski, R.M., Pauszek, S.J., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Le, V.T., Bui, H.H., Nguyen, P.T., Pham, D.V., Nguyen, T.N., Do, D.H., Arzt, J. 2020. Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O/CATHAY near full-length genomes from 5 outbreaks in Vietnam, 2017-2019. Microbiology Resource Announcements. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01315-19.
Characterization of transboundary foot-and-mouth disease viruses in Nigeria and Cameroon during 2016 Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ehizibolo, D.O., Fish, I., Brito, B., Bertram, M.R., Ularamu, H., Lazarus, D., Wungak, Y., Smoliga, G.R., Hartwig, E.J., Pauszek, S.J., Dickmu, S., Abdoulkadiri, S., Arzt, J. 2019. Characterization of transboundary foot-and-mouth disease viruses in Nigeria and Cameroon during 2016. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13461.
Genome sequences of foot-and-mouth disease virus SAT 1 topotype X from Cameroon Reprint Icon - (Other)
Bertram, M.R., Dickmu, S., Palinski, R.M., Pauszek, S.J., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Vierra, D., Abdoulkadiri, S., Arzt, J. 2019. Genome sequences of foot-and-mouth disease virus SAT 1 topotype X from Cameroon. Microbiology Resource Announcements. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.
Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A complete genome sequence from Kenya in 2016 - (Review Article)
First report of near-complete genome sequences of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O strains from Kenya Reprint Icon - (Other)
Palinski, R.M., Sangula, A., Bertram, M.R., Pauszek, S.J., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Obanda, V., Omondi, G., Vanderwaal, K., Arzt, J. 2019. First Report of Near-Complete Genome Sequences of Footand- Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O Strains from Kenya. Microbiology Resource Announcements. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00808-19.
First report of near-complete genome sequences of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O strains from Kenya Reprint Icon - (Other)
Fish, I., Vierra, D., Ehzibolo, D., Palinski, R.M., Bertram, M., Pauszek, S.J., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Arzt, J. 2019. First report of near-complete genome sequences of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O strains from Kenya. Microbiology Resource Announcements. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00808-19.
Genome sequences of 18 foot-and-mouth disease virus outbreak strains of serotype O sublineage Ind2001d from India 2013-2014 Reprint Icon - (Review Article)
Bertman, M.R., Palinski, R.M., Ranjan, R., Biswal, J.K., Pauszek, S.J., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Vierra, D., Fish, I.H., Subramaniam, S., Mohapatra, J.K., Das, B., Pattnaik, B., Arzt, J. 2019. Genome sequences of 18 foot-and-mouth disease virus outbreak strains of serotype O sublineage Ind2001d from India 2013-2014. Microbiology Resource Announcements. http://www.doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00776-19.
First genome sequence of Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O sublineage Ind2001e from Vietnam Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Palinski, R., Bertram, M.R., Vu, L.T., Pauszek, S.J., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Stenfeldt, C., Fish, I.H., Hoang, B.H., Dung, D.H., Arzt, J. 2019. First genome sequence of Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O sublineage Ind2001e from Vietnam. Microbiology Resource Announcements. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01424-18.
First detection of Senecavirus A in Vietnam Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Arzt, J., Bertram, M.R., Vu, L.T., Pauszek, S.J., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Palinski, R., Stenfeldt, C., Fish, I.H., Hoang, B.H., Dung, D.H. 2019. First detection of Senecavirus A in Vietnam. Emerging Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.01247-18.
Contact challenge of cattle with foot-and-mouth disease virus validates the role of the nasopharyngeal epithelium as the site of primary and persistent infection. Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stenfeldt, C., Smoliga, G.R., Hartwig, E.J., Palinski, R., Fish, I.H., Silva, E.B., Pauszek, S.J., Arzt, J. 2018. Contact challenge of cattle with foot-and-mouth disease virus validates the role of the nasopharyngeal epithelium as the site of primary and persistent infection. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00493-18.
Lack of transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from persistently infected cattle to naïve cattle under field conditions in Vietnam Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bertram, M.R., Vu, L.T., Pauszek, S.J., Brito, B.P., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Hoang, B.H., Phuong, N.T., Stenfeldt, C., Fish, I.H., Hung, V.V., Delgado, A., VanderWaal, K., Rodriguez, L.L., Long, N.T., Dung, D.H., Arzt, J. 2018. Lack of transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus from persistently infected cattle to naïve cattle under field conditions in Vietnam. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00174.
A traditional evolutionary history of foot-and-mouth disease viruses in Southeast Asia challenged by analyses of non-structural protein coding sequences Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Brito, B.P., Pauszek, S.J., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Vu, L.T., Vu, P.P., Stenfeldt, C., Rodriguez, L.L., King, D.P., Knowles, N.J., Bachanek-Bankowska, K., Long, N.T., Dung, D.H., Arzt, J. 2018. A traditional evolutionary history of foot-and-mouth disease viruses in Southeast Asia challenged by analyses of non-structural protein coding sequences. Scientific Reports. 8:6472. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24870-6.
Effect of vaccination on cattle herds previously exposed to foot and mouth disease in Cameroon Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Bertram, M.R., Delgado, A., Pauszek, S.J., Smoliga, G.R., Brito, B.P., Stenfeldt, C., Hartwig, E.J., Dickmu-Jumbo, S., Abdoulmoumini, M., Abona Olivia, A., Salhine, R., Rodriguez, L.L., Gerabed, R., Arzt, J. 2018. Effect of vaccination on cattle herds previously exposed to foot and mouth disease in Cameroon. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 155:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.04.003.
Genome sequences of seven foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates collected from serial samples from one persistently infected carrier cow in Vietnam - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pauszek, S.J., Bertram, M.R., Vu, L.T., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Brito, B., Stenfeldt, C., Hung, N.T., Hoang, B.H., Rodriguez, L.L., Dung, D.H., Arzt, J. 2017. Genome sequences of seven foot-and-mouth disease virus isolates collected from serial samples from one persistently infected carrier cow in Vietnam. Genome Announcements. 5:e00849-17. https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.00849-17.
First detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus O/Ind-2001d in Vietnam - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Vu, L.T., Long, N.T., Brito, B., Stenfeldt, C., Phuong, N.T., Hoang, B.H., Pauszek, S.J., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Vu, P.P., Quang, L.T., Hung, V.V., Tho, N.D., Dong, P.V., Minh, P.Q., Bertram, M.R., Fish, I.H., Rodriguez, L.L., Dung, D.H., Arzt, J. 2017. First detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus O/Ind-2001d in Vietnam. PLoS One. 12(6):e0177361. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177361.
Genome sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O lineage ind-2001d collected in Vietnam in 2015 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Arzt, J., Brito, B.P., Pauszek, S.J., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Vu, L.T., Vu, P.P., Stenfeldt, C., Rodriguez, L.L., Long, N.T., Dung, D.H. 2017. Genome sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O lineage ind-2001d collected in Vietnam in 2015. Genome Announcements. 5(18):e00223-17. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00223-17.
Systemic immune response and virus persistence after foot-and-mouth disease virus infection of naïve cattle and cattle vaccinated with a homologous adenovirus-vectored vaccine - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Eschbaumer, M., Stenfeldt, C., Rekant, S.I., Pacheco Tobin, J., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Kenney, M.A., Golde, W.T., Rodriguez, L.L., Arzt, J. 2016. Systemic immune response and virus persistence after foot-and-mouth disease virus infection of naïve cattle and cattle vaccinated with a homologous adenovirus-vectored vaccine. BioMed Central (BMC) Veterinary Research. 12:205.
The foot-and-mouth disease carrier state divergence in cattle - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stenfeldt, C., Eschbaumer, M., Rekant, S.I., Pacheco, J.M., Smoliga, G.R., Hartwig, E.J., Rodriguez, L.L., Arzt, J. 2016. The foot-and-mouth disease carrier state divergence in cattle. Journal of Virology. doi: 10.1128/JVL00388-16.
Evaluation of infectivity, virulence and transmission of FDMV field strains of serotypes O and A isolated in 2010 from outbreaks in the Republic of Korea - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pacheco Tobin, J., Lee, K., Bishop, E.A., Hartwig, E.J., Pauszek, S.J., Smoliga, G.R., Kim, S., Park, J., Ko, Y., Lee, H., Dongseob, T., Cho, I., Kim, B., Rodriguez, L.L., Arzt, J. 2016. Evaluation of infectivity, virulence and transmission of FDMV field strains of serotypes O and A isolated in 2010 from outbreaks in the Republic of Korea. PLoS One. 11(1): e0146445. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146445.
Early detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus from infected cattle using a dry filter air sampling system Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pacheco Tobin, J., Brito, B., Hartwig, E.J., Smoliga, G.R., Perez, A., Arzt, J., Rodriguez, L.L. 2015. Early detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus from infected cattle using a dry filter air sampling system. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12404.
A colorimetric bioassay for high-througput and cost-effectively assessing anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus activity - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ramanathan, P., Puckette, M., Hartwig, E.J., Bishop, E.A., Rodriguez, L.L., Grubman, M.J., Zhu, J.J. 2015. A colorimetric bioassay for high-througput and cost-effectively assessing anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus activity. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 164(1-2):74-78. DOI: 0.1016/j.vetimm.2015.01.005.
Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus RNA and capsid protein in lymphoid tissues of convalescent pigs does not indicate existence of a carrier state - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Stenfeldt, C., Pacheco Tobin, J., Smoliga, G.R., Bishop, E.A., Pauszek, S.J., Hartwig, E.J., Rodriguez, L.L., Arzt, J. 2014. Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus RNA and capsid protein in lymphoid tissues of convalescent pigs does not indicate existence of a carrier state. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12235.
Foot and mouth disease virus virulence in cattle is co-determined by viral replication dynamics and route of infection Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Arzt, J., Pacheco Tobin, J., Tucker, M.T., Smoliga, G.R., Bishop, E.A., Pauszek, S.J., Hartwig, E.J., De Los Santos, T.B., Rodriguez, L.L. 2014. Foot and mouth disease virus virulence in cattle is co-determined by viral replication dynamics and route of infection. Virology. 452-453:12-22.
Direct contact transmission of three different foot-and-mouth disease virus strains in swine demonstrates important strain-specific differences - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pacheco Tobin, J., Tucker, M.T., Hartwig, E.J., Bishop, E.A., Arzt, J., Rodriguez, L.L. 2012. Direct contact transmission of three different foot-and-mouth disease virus strains in swine demonstrates important strain-specific differences. The Veterinary Journal. 193(2):456-463.
Role of the Arg56 of the structural protein VP3 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 01 campos in virus virulence - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Borca, M.V., Pacheco Tobin, J., Holinka-Patterson, L.G., Hartwig, E.J., Carrillo, C., Garriga, D., Kramer, E., Rodriguez, L.L., Piccone, M.E. 2012. Role of the Arg56 of the structural protein VP3 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 01 campos in virus virulence. Virology. (422):37-45.