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Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture
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Lincoln Smith
 

Raymond Carruthers (Ray)
Exotic and Invasive Weeds Research
Acting Research Leader

Phone: (510) 559-6127
Fax: (510) 559-5737
Room 2002
USDA, ARS, PWA, WRRC-EIW
800 BUCHANAN STREET
ALBANY, CA, 94710

Projects
Biology and Management of Invasive Weeds in the Western United States
Appropriated (D)
  Accession Number: 409699
Biological Control of Exotic Weeds in the West
Reimbursable (R)
  Accession Number: 408965
Biological Control of Exotic Weeds in California
Reimbursable (R)
  Accession Number: 418617
Ceap Assessment of Invasive Weed Biological Control
Specific Cooperative Agreement (S)
  Accession Number: 412359
Monitoring and Distribution of Saltcedar Leaf Beetles
Specific Cooperative Agreement (S)
  Accession Number: 409413

Publications
Invasive species change detection using artificial neural networks and CASI hyperspectral imagery - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pu, R., Gong, P., Tians, Y., Miao, X., Carruthers, R.I., Anderson, G.L. 2008. Invasive species change detection using artificial neural networks and CASI hyperspectral imagery. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.140:15-32.
Canopy Assessment of Biochemical Features by Ground-Based Hyperspectral Data For An Invasive Species, Giant Reed (Arundo Donax) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ge, S., Carruthers, R.I., Spencer, D.F., Yu, Q. 2008. Canopy Assessment of Biochemical Features by Ground-Based Hyperspectral Data For An Invasive Species, Giant Reed (Arundo Donax). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.147:271-278
Using classification and NDVI differencing methods for monitoring sparse vegetation coverage: a case study of saltcedar in Nevada, USA. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pu, R., Gong, P., Tians, Y., Miao, X., Carruthers, R.I., Anderson, G.L. 2008. Using classification and NDVI differencing methods for monitoring sparse vegetation coverage: a case study of saltcedar in Nevada, USA.. International Journal of Remote Sensing.29(14):3987-4011.
Saltcedar Areawide Pest Management in the Western United States - (Book/Chapter)
Carruthers, R.I., Deloach, C.J., Herr, J.C., Anderson, G.L., Knutson, A.E. 2008. Saltcedar Areawide Pest Management in the Western United States. In: Koul, O., Cuperus, G., Elliott, N., Editors. Areawide Pest Management: Theory and Implementation. Wallingford, UK; Cambridge, MA: CABI. p. 271-299.
Biological Control of Saltcedar (Cedro salado) (Tamarix spp.) in the United States, with Implications for Mexico - (Proceedings/Symposium)
Deloach Jr, C.J., Knutson, A.E., Moran, P.J., Michels, G.J., Thompson, D.C., Carruthers, R.I., Nibling, F., Fain, T.G. Biological Control of Saltcedar (Cedro salado) (Tamarix spp.) in the United States, with Implications for Mexico. 2007. In: Lira-Saldivar, R.H., editor. Bioplaguicidas Y Control Biologico. International Symposium of Sustainable Agriculture, 24-26 October 2007, Saltillo, Coahula, Mexico. p. 142-172.
A Test of the EICA hypothesis using French broom (Genista monspessulana) - (Abstract)
Smith, R.G., Herrera, A. M., and Carruthers, R. I. 2008. A test of the EICA hypothesis using French broom (Genista monspessulana). Ecological Society of America. [abstract] PS: 30-108
Estimating Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) Leaf Area Index and Aboveground Biomass with the Use of Hyperspectral Data - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ge, S., Xu, M., Anderson, G.L., Carruthers, R.I. 2007. Estimating Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) Leaf Area Index and Aboveground Biomass with the Use of Hyperspectral Data. Weed Science.55:671-678.
The past, present, and future of biologically-based weed management on rangeland watersheds in the western United States - (Abstract)
Williams III, L.H., Carruthers, R.I., Snyder, K.A., Longland, W.S. 2007. The past, present, and future of biologically-based weed management on rangeland watersheds in the western United States. International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. p.44.
Applying Class-Based Feature Extraction Approaches for Supervised Classification of Hyperspectral Imagery - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Miao, X., Ge, S., Gong, P., Anderson, G.L., Carruthers, R.I. 2007. Applying Class-Based Feature Extractopm Approaches for Supervised Classification of Hyperspectral Imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 33 (3): 162-175.
An Overview of the Biological Control of Saltcedar - (Proceedings/Symposium)
Carruthers, R.I., Herr, J.C., Deloach, C.J. 2007. An Overview of the Biological Control of Saltcedar. Proceedings of California Weed Science Society. 59:128-134/
A brief overview of the biological control of saltcedar - (Proceedings/Symposium)
Carruthers, R.I., Herr, J.C., Knight, J., Deloach, C.J. 2007. A brief overview of the biological control of saltcedar. In: Hoddle, M., Johnson, M., editors. Proceeding of Fifth California Conference on Biological Control, University of California, 2006, Riverside, California p. 71-77.
Comparison of Laboratory and Ecological Host Range of the Saltcedar Leaf Beetle with Respect to Native Non-Target Frankenia species - (Proceedings/Symposium)
Herr, J.C., Carruthers, R.I., Deloach Jr, C.J. 2007. Comparison of Laboratory and Ecological Host Range of the Saltcedar Leaf Beetle to Native Non-Target Frankenia species. in: Hoodle, M., Johnson, M. Editors. Proceedings Fifth California Conference on Biological Control, University of California, Riverside, California, p. 148-151.
Research and Initial Success on Biological Control of Saltcedar in the United States, with Emphasis on Texas and New Mexico - (Proceedings/Symposium) - (13-Feb-06)
Estimation of Yellow Starthistle Cover Through Casi Hyperspectral Imagery Using Linear Spectral Mixture Models - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Miao, X., Gong, P., Swope, S.M., Pu, R., Carruthers, R.I., Anderson, G.L. 2006. Estimation of yellow starthistle cover through casi hyperspectral imagery using linear spectral mixture models. Remote Sensing of Environment. 101:329-341.
Biological Control - Theory and Application of Pest Management - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Carruthers, R.I., D'Antonio, C.M. 2005. Biological control - theory and application of pest management. Biological Control. 35(3):181-388
Science and Decision Making in Biological Control of Weeds: Benefits and Risks of Biological Control - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Carruthers, R.I., D'Antonio, C.M. 2005. Science and decision making in biological control of weeds: benefits and risks of biological control. Biological Control. 35(3):181-182.
Detection of Yellow Starthistle Through Band Selection and Feature Extraction from Hyperspectral Imagery - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Miao, X., Gong, P., Pu, R., Carruthers, R., Heaton, J. 2007. Detection of Yellow Starthistle Through Band Selection and Feature Extraction from Hyperspectral I magery. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 73(9): 1005­1015
Hyperspectral Characteristics of Canopy Components and Structure for Phenological Assessment of An Invasive Weed - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ge, S., Everitt, J.H., Carruthers, R.I., Gong, P., Anderson, G.L. 2006. Hyperspectral characteristics of canopy components and structure for phenological assessment of an invasive weed. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 120:109-126
Hyperspectral Characteristics of Canopy Components and Structure for Phonological Assessment of An Invasive Weed. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ge, S., Everitt, J.H., Carruthers, R.I., Gong, P., Anderson, G.L. 2006. Hyperspectral characteristics of canopy components and structure for phonological assessment of an invasive weed. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. p. 1-18
Estimating Temperature-Dependent Developmental Rates of Diorhabda Elongata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a Biological Control Agent of Saltcedar (Tamarix, SPP.) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Herrera, A.M., Dahlsten, D.D., Tomic-Carruthers, N., Carruthers, R.I. 2005. Estimating temperature-dependent developmental rates of diorhabda elongata (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), a biological control agent of saltcedar (tamarix, spp.). Environmental Entomology. 34(4):775-784.
Remote Sensing of Saltcedar Biological Control Effectiveness - (Proceedings/Symposium)
Carruthers, R.I., Anderson, G.L., Deloach Jr, C.J., Knight, J., Peng, G., Ge, S. 2005. Remote sensing of saltcedar biological control effectiveness. In: Proceedings for the Monitoring Science & Technology Symposium September 20-24, 2004, Denver, Colorado. RMRS-P-37 CDROM.
First Results for Control of Saltcedar (Tamarix SPP.) in the Open Field in the Western United States - (Proceedings/Symposium)
Deloach, C.J., Carruthers, R.I., Dudley, T.L., Eberts, D., Kazmer, D.J., Knutson, A.E., Bean, D.W., Knight, J., Lewis, P.A., Milbrath, L.R., Tracy, J.L., Knight, J., Tomic-Carruthers, N., Herr, J.C., Abbott, G., Prestwich, S., Harruff, G., Everitt, G.H., Thompson, D.C., Mityaev, I., Jashenko, R., Li, B., Sobhian, R., Kirk, A., Robbins, T.O., Delfosse, E.S. 2004. First results for control of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in the open field in the western United States. In: Cullen, J.M., Briese, D.T., Kriticos, D.J., Lonsdale, W.M., Morin, L., Skott, J.K., editors. Proceedings of XI International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds, CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia. p. 505-513.
Biological Control Programs for Integrated Invasive Plant Management - (Proceedings/Symposium)
Deloach, C.J., Carruthers, R.I. 2004. Biological control programs for integrated invasive plant management. In: Proceedings of Weed Science Society of America Meeting. Kansas City, MO: Weed Science Society of America. 2004 CDROM.
Monitoring the Dynamics of Saltcedar Biological Control in Lovelock, Nevada - (Proceedings/Symposium)
Anderson, G.L., Knight, J., Carruthers, R.I. 2004. Monitoring the dynamics of saltcedar biological control in Lovelock, Nevada. In: Proceedings of the 19th Biennial Workshop on Color Photography Videography and Airborne Imaging for Resource Assessment. American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, October 6-8, 2003, Logan, Utah. 2004 CDROM.
Biological Control of Saltcedar (Tamarix: Tamaricaceae) in the United States Could Be Extended to Include Control in Northern Mexico - (Proceedings/Symposium)
Deloach, C.J., Carruthers, R.I., Rodriguez-del-Bosque, L.A. 2003. Biological control of saltcedar (Tamarix: Tamaricaceae) in the United States could be extended to include control in northern Mexico. In: Memoirs of the XXVI Congresso Nacional de Control Biologico, November 3-8, 2003, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. p. 228-230.
Suitability of Diorhabda Elongata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) for Biological Control of Saltcedars (Tamarix SPP.) in the Southern United States and Northern Mexico - (Proceedings/Symposium)
Milbrath, L.R., Herr, J.C., Knutson, A.E., Tracy, J.L., Bean, D.W., Rodriguez-del-Bosque, L.A., Carruthers, R.I., Deloach, C.J. 2003. Suitability of Diorhabda elongata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) for biological control of saltcedars (Tamarix spp.) in the southern United States and northern Mexico. In: Memoirs of the XXVI Congresso Nacional de Control Biologico, November 3-8, 2003, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. p. 225-227.
Saltcedar: Tamarix Ramosissima, T. Chinensis, T. Parviflora, T. Canariensis, T. Gallica, and Hybrids - (Book/Chapter)
DeLoach, C.J., Carruthers, R.I. 2004. Saltcedar - Tamarix ramosissima, T. chinensis, T. parviflora, T. canariensis, T. gallica, and hybrids. In: Coombs, E.M., Clark, J.K., Piper, G.L., Cofrancesco Jr., A.F. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States. Western Society of Weed Science. Corvallis, OR:Oregon State University Press. p. 311-316.
Monitoring of Invasive Tamarix Distribution and Effects of Biological Control with Airborne Hyperspectral Remote Sensing - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Anderson, G.L., Carruthers, R.I., Ge, S., Gong, P. 2004. Monitoring of invasive tamarix distribution and effects of biological control with airborne hyperspectral remote sensing. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 26(12):2487-2489.
Biological Control of Invasive Species, a Personal Perspective - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Carruthers, R.I. 2004. Biological Control of Invasive Species, A Personal Perspective. Conservation Biology. 18(1):54-57
Invasive Species Research in the USDA Agricultural Research Service - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
CARRUTHERS, R.I. INVASIVE SPECIES RESEARCH IN THE USDA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE. 2003. p. 827-834.

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