Publications (Clicking on the reprint icon will take you to the publication reprint.)

Risk of viral acute gastrointestinal illness from non-disinfected drinking water distribution systems - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lambertini, E., Borchardt, M.A., Kieke, B.A., Spencer, S.K., Loge, F.J. 2012. Risk of viral acute gastrointestinal illness from non-disinfected drinking water distribution systems. Environmental Science and Technology. 46:9299-9307.

Viruses in non-disinfected drinking water from municipal wells are related to community rates of acute gastrointestinal illness - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Borchardt, M.A., Spencer, S.K., Kieke, B.A., Lambertini, E., Loge, F.J. 2012. Viruses in non-disinfected drinking water from municipal wells are related to community rates of acute gastrointestinal illness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 120:1272-1279.

Comparative effectiveness of membrane bioreactors, conventional secondary treatment, and disinfection to remove microorganisms from municipal wastewaters - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Francy, D.S., Stelzer, E.A., Bushon, R.N., Brady, A.M., Williston, A.G., Riddell, K.R., Borchardt, M.A., Spencer, S.K., Gellner, T.M. 2012. Comparative effectiveness of membrane bioreactors, conventional secondary treatment, and disinfection to remove microorganisms from municipal wastewaters. Water Research. 46:4164-4178.

Measuring and mitigating inhibition during real-time, quantitative PCR analysis of viral nucleic acid extracts from large-volume environmental water samples - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Gibson, K.E., Schwab, K.J., Spencer, S.K., Borchardt, M.A. 2012. Measuring and mitigating inhibition during real-time, quantitative PCR analysis of viral nucleic acid extracts from large-volume environmental water samples. Water Research. 46:4281-4291.

Glass wool filters for concentrating waterborne viruses and agricultural zoonotic pathogens - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Millen, H., Gonnering, J., Berg, R., Spencer, S.K., Jokela, W.E., Pearce, J.M., Borchardt, J.S., Borchardt, M.A. 2012. Glass wool filters for concentrating waterborne viruses and agricultural zoonotic pathogens. Journal of Visualized Experiments. DOI: 10.3791/3930.

Viruses in non-disinfected groundwater used for municipal drinking water and the incidence of acute gastrointestinal illness - (Abstract Only) - (09-Sep-11)

Human and bovine viruses in urban and rural streams: Hydrologic and season patterns of wastewater influence - (Abstract Only) - (09-Sep-11)

Hydrogeological and statistical evidence for wide-spread enteric virus contamination of deep municipal wells - (Abstract Only) - (09-Sep-11)

Quantifying viruses and bacteria in wastewater - results, quality control, and interpretation methods - (Government Publication)

Francy, D.S., Stelzer, E.A., Bushon, R.N., Brady, A.M., Mailot, B.E., Spencer, S.K., Borchardt, M.A., Elber, A.G., Riddell, K.R., Gellner, T.M. 2011. Quantifying viruses and bacteria in wastewater - results, quality control, and interpretation methods. United States Geological Survey Technical Report. 5150, 44p.

Virus contamination from operation and maintenance practices in small drinking water distribution systems - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lambertini, E., Spencer, S.K., Kieke, B.A., Loge, F.J., Borchardt, M.A. 2011. Virus contamination from operation and maintenance practices in small drinking water distribution systems. Journal of Water and Health. 9:799-812.

Method 1615 measurment of Enterovirus and Norovirus occurrence in water by culture and qRT-PCR - (Government Publication)

Fout, G.S., Brinkman, N.E., Cashdollar, J.L., Griffin, S.M., Mcminn, B.R., Rhodes, E.R., Varughese, E.A., Grimm, A.G., Spencer, S.K., Borchardt, M.A. 2011. Method 1615 measurment of Enterovirus and Norovirus occurrence in water by culture and qRT-PCR. Government Publication/Report. EPA/600/R-10/181.

Pathogen losses in surface runoff from dairy manure applied to corn fields - (Abstract Only)

Borchardt, M.A., Jokela, W.E., Spencer, S.K. 2011. Pathogen losses in surface runoff from dairy manure applied to corn fields. American Society for Microbiology. Abstract #1436.

Human viruses as tracers of wastewater pathways into deep municipal wells - (Government Publication)

Bradbury, K.R., Borchardt, M.A., Gotkowski, M., Spencer, S.K. 2010. Human viruses as tracers of wastewater pathways into deep municipal wells. Government Publication/Report. Final Report to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Open-File Report 2010-04A, 47p.

Presence of human enteric viruses in deep urban groundwater - (Abstract Only)

Bradbury, K., Borchardt, M.A., Gotkowitz, M.B., Hunt, R., Spencer, S.K. 2010. Presence of human enteric viruses in deep urban groundwater. Meeting Abstract. Vol. 42, No. 5, page 378.

Groundwater sampling methods using glass wool filtration to trace human enteric viruses in Madison, Wisconsin - (Abstract Only)

Gellasch, C.A., Bahr, J.M., Borchardt, M.A., Bradbury, K.E., Chase, P.M., Spencer, S.K. 2010. Groundwater sampling methods using glass wool filtration to trace human enteric viruses in Madison, Wisconsin. Geological Society of America Meeting. Vol. 42, No. 5, p. 603.

Assessment of Sewer Source Contamination of Drinking Water Wells Using Tracers and Human Enteric Viruses - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Hunt, R.J., Borchardt, M.A., Richards, K.D., Spencer, S.K. 2010. Assessment of Sewer Source Contamination of Drinking Water Wells Using Tracers and Human Enteric Viruses. Environmental Science and Technology. Environ. Sci. Technol.44:7956-7963..