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ARS Home » Northeast Area » Beltsville, Maryland (BARC) » Beltsville Agricultural Research Center » Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory » People & Locations » Walter Mulbry
Walter W Mulbry III
Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory
Microbiologist

Phone: (301) 504-6417
Fax: (301) 504-8162

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Publications (Clicking on the reprint icon Reprint Icon will take you to the publication reprint.)
Temporal stability of E. coli concentrations in waters of two irrigation ponds in Maryland Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pachepsky, Y.A., Kierzewski, R.A., Stocker, M., Mulbry Iii, W.W., Sellner, K. 2018. Temporal stability of E. coli concentrations in waters of two irrigation ponds in Maryland. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 84:e01876-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07030-9.
The effect of moisture content on solid-state anaerobic digestion of dairy manure from a sawdust-bedded pack barn Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kim, E.J., Lee, S.H., Jo, H.S., Jeong, J.H., Mulbry III, W.W., Rhaman, S., Ahn, H.K. 2018. The effect of moisture content on solid-state anaerobic digestion of dairy manure from a sawdust-bedded pack barn. Energies. 11(3):484.
Anaerobic digestion reduces veterinary ionophore lasalocid in dairy manure - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Arikan, O., Mulbry III, W.W., Rice, C., Lansing, S. 2018. Anaerobic digestion reduces veterinary ionophore lasalocid in dairy manure. Desalination and Water Treatment. 108:183-188. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.22040
The fate and effect of monensin during anaerobic digestion of dairy manure under mesophilic conditions Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Arikan, O., Mulbry III, W.W., Rice, C., Lansing, S. 2018. The fate and effect of monensin during anaerobic digestion of dairy manure under mesophilic conditions. PLoS One. 13(2):e0192080. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192080
Influence of liquid surface area on hydrogen sulfide oxidation during micro-aeration in dairy manure digesters Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mulbry III, W.W., Selmer, K.J., Lansing, S. 2017. Influence of liquid surface area on hydrogen sulfide oxidation during micro-aeration in dairy manure digesters. PLoS One. 12(10):e0185738. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.phon.0185738.
High diversity within the periphyton community of an algal turf scrubber on the Susquehanna River - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kangas, P., Mulbry III, W.W., Klavon, P., Laughinghouse, D., Adey, W. 2017. High diversity within the periphyton community of an algal turf scrubber on the Susquehanna River. Ecological Engineering. 108:564-572.
Temporal stability of Escherichia coli concentration patterns in two irrigation ponds in Maryland - (Abstract Only)
Kierzewski, R.A., Pachepsky, Y.A., Stocker, M., Mulbry Iii, W.W., Shelton, D.R. 2017. Temporal stability of Escherichia coli concentration patterns in two irrigation ponds in Maryland. BARC Poster Day. 28th Annual BARC Poster Day, Beltsville, MD on April 26, 2017.
Temporal stability of E. coli concentration patterns in two irrigation ponds in Maryland - (Abstract Only)
Pachepsky, Y.A., Kierkzewsky, R., Stocker, M., Mulbry Iii, W.W., Millner, P.D., Shelton, D.R. 2017. Temporal stability of E. coli concentration patterns in two irrigation ponds in Maryland. European Geophysical Society Meeting. Vienna, Austria on April 23-27, 2017.
Microaeration reduces hydrogen sulfide in biogas Reprint Icon - (Trade Journal)
Mulbry III, W.W., Lansing, S., Coker, C. 2017. Microaeration reduces hydrogen sulfide in biogas. Biocycle. 58:57-59.
The effect of composting on the persistence of four ionophores in dairy manure and poultry litter Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Arikan, O., Mulbry III, W.W., Rice, C. 2016. The effect of composting on the persistence of four ionophores in dairy manure and poultry litter. Waste Management. 54:110-117.
Escherichia coli survival in the presence of Chlorella vulgaris in a nutrient supplemented freshwater medium - (Abstract Only)
Kierzewski, R.A., Kiefer, L., Kangas, P., Mulbry Iii, W.W., Pachepsky, Y.A., Shelton, D.R. 2016. Escherichia coli survival in the presence of Chlorella vulgaris in a nutrient supplemented freshwater medium. BARC Poster Day. 27th Annual Beltsville Poster Day on April 27, 2016.
Nutrient and Sediment Reductions from Algal Flow-Way Technologies: Recommendations to the Chesapeake Bay Program's Water Quality Goal Implementation Team from the Algal Flow-Way Technologies BMP Expert Panel - (Other)
Effect of temperature on methane production from field-scale anaerobic digesters treating dairy manure Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Arikan, O., Mulbry III, W.W., Lansing, S. 2015. Effect of temperature on methane production from field-scale anaerobic digesters treating dairy manure. Waste Management. 43:108-113.
Methane and hydrogen sulfide production during co-digestion of forage radish and dairy manure Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Belle, A., Lansing, S., Mulbry Iii, W.W., Weil, R. 2015. Methane and hydrogen sulfide production during co-digestion of forage radish and dairy manure. Biomass and Bioenergy. 80:44-51.
Design and validation of field-scale anaerobic digesters treating dairy manure for small farms Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lansing, S., Klavon, K., Mulbry III, W.W., Moss, A. 2015. Design and validation of field-scale anaerobic digesters treating dairy manure for small farms. Transactions of the ASABE. 58(2):1-10.
Testing low cost anaerobic digestion (AD) systems Reprint Icon - (Trade Journal)
Lansing, S., Mulbry III, W.W. 2014. Testing low cost anaerobic digestion (AD) systems. Biocycle. 55(9):44-46.
Anaerobic co-digestion of forage radish and dairy manure in complete mix digesters Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Belle, A., Lansing, S., Mulbry III, W.W., Weil, R. 2015. Anaerobic co-digestion of forage radish and dairy manure in complete mix digesters. Bioresource Technology. 178:230-237.
Effects of algal hydrolysate as reaction medium on enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Chen, R., Thomas, B., Liu, Y., Mulbry Iii, W.W., Liao, W. 2014. Effects of algal hydrolysate as reaction medium on enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses. Biomass and Bioenergy. 67:72-78.
Greenhouse gas emissions during composting of dairy manure: Delaying pile mixing does not reduce overall emissions Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mulbry III, W.W., Anh, H. 2014. Greenhouse gas emissions during composting of dairy manure: Delaying pile mixing does not reduce overall emissions. Bioresource Technology. 126:117-122.
Nutrient removal of agricultural drainage water using algal turf scrubbers and solar power Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Kangas, P., Mulbry III, W.W. 2013. Nutrient removal of agricultural drainage water using algal turf scrubbers and solar power. Bioresource Technology. 152:484-489.
Autonomous benthic algal cultivator under feedback control of ecosystem metabolism Reprint Icon - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Blersch, D., Kangas, P., Mulbry III, W.W. 2013. Autonomous benthic algal cultivator under feedback control of ecosystem metabolism. Environmental Engineering Science. 60:53-60.
Economic analysis of small-scale agricultural digesters in the United States - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Klavon, K., Lansing, S., Moss, A., Mulbry III, W.W., Felton, G. 2013. Economic analysis of small-scale agricultural digesters in the United States. Biomass and Bioenergy. 54:36-45.
Turbulence and nutrient interactions that control benthic algal production in an engineered cultivation raceway - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Blersch, D., Kangas, P., Mulbry III, W.W. 2013. Turbulence and nutrient interactions that control benthic algal production in an engineered cultivation raceway. Algal Research. 2:107-112.
Use of an algal hydrolysate to improve enzymatic hydrolysis of anaerobically digested fiber - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Chen, R., Yuea, Z., Deitza, L., Liu, Y., Mulbry III, W.W., Liao, W. 2012. Use of an algal hydrolysate to improve enzymatic hydrolysis of anaerobically digested fiber. Bioresource Technology. 108:149-154.
A pH-based method for measuring gaseous ammonia - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Hafner, S.D., Meisinger, J.J., Mulbry III, W.W., Ingram, S.K. 2012. A pH-based method for measuring gaseous ammonia. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 92(2):195-205.
Use of Mid- and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Track Degradation of Polyactide Eating Utensils and Containers During Composting - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mulbry III, W.W., Reeves III, J.B., Millner, P.D. 2012. Use of Mid- and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Track Degradation of Polyactide Eating Utensils and Containers During Composting. Internet Journal of Vibrational Spectroscopy. 109:93-97.
Near- and mid-infrared spectroscopic determination of algal composition - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mulbry, III, W.W., Reeves, III, J.B., Liu, Y., Zhen, R., Liao, W. 2012. Near- and mid-infrared spectroscopic determination of algal composition. Journal of Applied Phycology. 24:1261-1267.
Pathogen reduction in minimally managed composting of bovine manure - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Millner, P.D., Ingram, D.T., Mulbry III, W.W., Arikan, O. 2014. Pathogen reduction in minimally managed composting of bovine manure. Waste Management. 14:1992-1999.
Algal turf scrubbing: cleaning surface waters with solar energy while producing a biofuel - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Adey, W., Kangas, P., Mulbry Iii, W.W. 2011. Algal turf scrubbing: cleaning surface waters with solar energy while producing a biofuel. Bioscience. 61:434-441.
Biodegradability of injection molded bioplastics containing polylactic acid and poultry feather fiber - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ahn, H., Smith, M.C., Schmidt, W.F., Huda, M.S., Reeves III, J.B., Mulbry III, W.W. 2011. Biodegradability of injection molded bioplastics containing polylactic acid and poultry feather fiber. Bioresource Technology. 102:4930-4933.
Pile mixing increases greenhouse gas emissions during composting of dairy manure - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Ahn, H., Mulbry III, W.W., White, J.W., Ingram, S.K. 2010. Pile mixing increases greenhouse gas emissions during composting of dairy manure. Bioresource Technology. 102:2904-2909.
Scrubbing the Bay: Nutrient Removal Using Small Algal Turf Scrubbers on Chesapeake Bay Tributaries - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mulbry III, W.W., Kangas, P., Ingram, S.K. 2010. Scrubbing the Bay: Nutrient Removal Using Small Algal Turf Scrubbers on Chesapeake Bay Tributaries. Ecological Engineering. 36:536-541.
Extraction of fatty acids from dried freshwater algae using accelerated solvent extraction - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mulbry III, W.W., Ingram, S.K., Buyer, J.S., Luthria, D.L. 2009. Extraction of fatty acids from dried freshwater algae using accelerated solvent extraction. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 86:909-915.
Reduction of Chlortetracycline Residues in Manure from Therapeutically-Treated Beef Calves - (Abstract Only)
Arikan, O., Mulbry III, W.W., Rice, C. 2008. Reduction of Chlortetracycline Residues in Manure from Therapeutically-Treated Beef Calves. Meeting Abstract.
Management of Antibiotic Residues from Agricultural Sources: Use of Composting to Reduce Chlortetracycline Residues in Beef Manure from Treated Animals - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Arikan, O., Mulbry III, W.W., Rice, C. 2008. Management of Antibiotic Residues from Agricultural Sources: Use of Composting to Reduce Chlortetracycline Residues in Beef Manure from Treated Animals. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 164:483-489.
Treatment of Dairy Manure Effluent Using Freshwater Algae in Outdoor Pilot-Scale Raceways: Algal Production and Nutrient Recovery - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mulbry III, W.W., Kondrad, S.L., Pizarro, C., Westhead, E.K. 2008. Treatment of Dairy Manure Effluent Using Freshwater Algae in Outdoor Pilot-Scale Raceways: Algal Production and Nutrient Recovery. Bioresource Technology. 99:8137-8142.
Minimally Managed Composting of Beef Manure at the Pilot Scale: Effects of Manure Pile Construction on Pile Temperature Profiles and the Fate of Oxytetracycline and Chlorotetracycline - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Arikan, O., Mulbry III, W.W., Ingram, D.T., Millner, P.D. 2009. Minimally Managed Composting of Beef Manure at the Pilot Scale: Effect of Manure Pile Construction on Pile Temperature Profiles and the Fate of Oxytetracycline and Chlorotetracycline. Bioresource Technology. 100:4447-4453.
Treatment of Dairy and Swine Manure Effluents Using Freshwater Algae: Fatty Acid Content and Composition of Algal Biomass at Different Manure Loading Rates - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mulbry III, W.W., Ingram, S.K., Buyer, J.S. 2008. Treatment of Dairy and Swine Manure Effluents Using Freshwater Algae: Fatty Acid Content and Composition of Algal Biomass at Different Manure Loading Rates. Journal of Applied Phycology. 20:1079-1085.
Biofertilizers from Algal Treatment of Dairy and Swine Manure Effluents: Characterization of Algal Biomass as a Slow Release Fertilizer - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mulbry III, W.W., Kondrad, S.L., Pizarro, C. 2007. Biofertilizers from Algal Treatment of Dairy and Swine Manure Effluents: Characterization of Algal Biomass as a Slow Release Fertilizer. Journal of Vegetable Science. 12(4):107-125.
THE FATE AND EFFECT OF OXYTETRACYCLINE DURING THE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF MANURE FROM THERAPEUTICALLY TREATED CALVES - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Arikan, O.A., Sikora, L.J., Mulbry III, W.W., Khan, S.U., Rice, C. 2006. The fate and effect of oxytetracycline during the anaerobic digestion of manure from therapeutically treated calves. Process Biochemistry. 41:1637-1643.
EFFECT OF LOADING RATE ON LIPID PRODUCTION FROM MICROALGAE GROWN ON DAIRY MANURE EFFLUENT - (Abstract Only)
Mulbry Iii, W.W., Wen, Z. 2006. Effect of loading rate on lipid production from microalgae grown on dairy manure effluent. Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals Symposium Proceedings.
AN ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF ALGAL TURF SCRUBBER TECHNOLOGY FOR TREATMENT OF DAIRY MANURE EFFLUENT - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Pizarro, C.X., Mulbry III, W.W., Blersch, D., Kangas, P. 2006. An economic assessment of algal turf scrubber technology for treatment of dairy wastewater. Ecological Engineering. 26:321-327.
COMPOSTING RAPIDLY REDUCES LEVELS OF EXTRACTABLE OXYTETRACYCLINE IN MANURE FROM THERAPEUTICALLY TREATED BEEF CALVES - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Arikan, O.A., Sikora, L.J., Mulbry III, W.W., Khan, S.U., Foster, G.D. 2005. Composting rapidly reduces levels of extractable oxytetracycline in manure from therapeutically treated beef calves. Bioresource Technology. 98:169-175.
TREATMENT OF SWINE MANURE EFFLUENT USING FRESHWATER ALGAE: PRODUCTION, NUTRIENT RECOVERY, AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF ALGAL BIOMASS AT FOUR MANURE LOADING RATES - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Westhead, E., Pizarro, C.X., Mulbry III, W.W. 2006. Treatment of swine manure effluent using freshwater algae: production, nutrient recovery, and elemental composition of algal biomass at four effluent loading rates. Journal of Applied Phycology. 18:41-46.
TREATMENT OF DAIRY MANURE EFFLUENT USING FRESHWATER ALGAE: ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF ALGAL BIOMASS AT DIFFERENT MANURE LOADING RATES - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mulbry, W.W., Westhead, E.K., Pizarro, C.X., Wilkie, A. 2004. Treatment of dairy manure effluent using freshwater algae: elemental composition of algal biomass at different manure loading rates. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 52:7293-7296.
EMERGY OF ALGAE REVISITED: COMPARISONS OF ALGAL-BASED WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS - (Proceedings)
Blersch, D., Mulbry III, W.W., Kangas, P. 2005. Emergy of algae revisited: comparisons of algal-based wastewater treatment systems. Meeting Abstract. pp 435-444.
RECYCLING OF MANURE NUTRIENTS: USE OF ALGAL BIOMASS FROM DAIRY MANURE TREATMENT AS A SLOW RELEASE FERTILIZER - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Mulbry, W.W., Westhead, E.K., Pizarro, C.X., Sikora, L.J. 2005. Recycling of manure nutrients: use of algal biomass from dairy manure treatment as a slow release fertilizer. Bioresource Technology. 96:451-458.
PRODUCTION AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL BY PERIPHYTON GROWN IN DAIRY MANURE - (Abstract Only)
Westhead, E.K., Pizarro, C.X., Mulbry Iii, W.W., Wilkie, A. 2003. Production and nutrient removal by periphyton grown in dairy manure [abstract]. Journal of Phycology. 39:1275-1282.
PRODUCTION AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL BY PERIPHYTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT LOADING RATES OF ANAEROBICALLY DIGESTED DAIRY MANURE. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
WESTHEAD, E.K., PIZARRO, C.X., MULBRY III, W.W., WILKIE, A.C. PRODUCTION AND NUTRIENT REMOVAL BY PERIPHYTON GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT LOADING RATES OF ANAEROBICALLY DIGESTED DAIRY MANURE.. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY. 2003.
RECYCLING OF MANURE NUTRIENTS: USE OF DRIED ALGAE AS AN ORGANIC FERTILIZER - (Abstract Only)
WESTHEAD, E.K., PIZARRO, C.X., MULBRY III, W.W., SIKORA, L.J. RECYCLING OF MANURE NUTRIENTS: USE OF DRIED ALGAE AS AN ORGANIC FERTILIZER. American Ecological Engineering Society Conference. 2003.
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL RATES, AND NITRIFICATION WITHIN ALGAL TURF SCRUBBERS GROWN ON DAIRY MANURE - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Westhead, E.K., Pizarro, C.X., Mulbry Iii, W.W., Wilkie, A. 2002. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates, and nitrification within algal turf scrubbers grown on dairy manure. Journal of Applied Phycology.
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL RATES OF SMALL ALGAL TURFS GROWN ON DAIRY MANURE - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
PIZARRO, C.X., WESTHEAD, E.K., MULBRY III, W.W. NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL RATES OF SMALL ALGAL TURFS GROWN ON DAIRY MANURE. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY. 2002.
ENHANCED-RATE BIODEGRADATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE NEUROTOXINS BY IMMOBILIZED NON-GROWING BACTERIA - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
KIM, J., RAININA, E.I., MULBRY III, W.W., ENGLER, C.R., WILD, J.R. ENHANCED-RATE BIODEGRADATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE NEUROTOXINS BY IMMOBILIZED NON-GROWING BACTERIA. BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS. 2002.
TREATMENT OF DAIRY MANURE USING BENTHIC ALGAE - (Abstract Only)
RECOVERY OF DAIRY MANURE NUTRIENTS BY BENTHIC FRESHWATER ALGAE - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
WILKIE, A., MULBRY III, W.W. RECOVERY OF DAIRY MANURE NUTRIENTS BY BENTHIC FRESHWATER ALGAE. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY. 2002.
THE ATRAZINE HYDROLASE GENE TRZN FROM NOCARDIODES SP. C190: CLONING AND CONSTRUCTION OF GENE-SPECIFIC PRIMERS - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
MULBRY III, W.W., ZHUG, H., NOUR, S.M., TOPP, E. THE ATRAZINE HYDROLASE GENE TRZN FROM NOCARDIODES SP. C190: CLONING AND CONSTRUCTION OF GENE-SPECIFIC PRIMERS. FEDERATION OF EUROPEAN MICROBIOLOGICAL SOCIETIES MICROBIOL LETTERS. 2002.
EFFECT OF LOADING RATES ON NITROGEN REMOVAL EFFICIENCY AND NITRIFICATION WITHIN ALGAL TURF SCRUBBERS - (Abstract Only)
NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL RATES WITHIN SUBUNITS OF ALGAL TURF SCRUBBERS GROWN ON DAIRY MANURE - (Abstract Only)
DEVELOPMENT OF ALGAL TURF SCRUBBERS TO TREAT DAIRY MANURE - (Abstract Only)
USE OF ALGAL TURF SCRUBBERS TO TREAT DAIRY MANURE - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
TAXON SPECIFIC OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PRIMERS FOR DETECTION OF TWO ANCIENT ENDOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI, GLOMUS OCCULTUM AND GLOMUS BRASILIANUM - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
MUTAGENESIS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS HYDROLASE TO ENHANCE HYDROLYSIS OF THE NERVE AGENT VX - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL ORGANOPHOSPHORUS HYDROLASE FROM NOCARDIODES SIMPLEX NRRL B-24074 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
A TAXON SPECIFIC OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBE FOR GLOMUS ETUNICATUM - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
BIODEGRADATION OF CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS - (Review Article)
INDOLE-3-ACETYL-L-ASPARTIC ACID HYDROLASE GENE FROM ENTEROBACTER AGGLOMERANS: MOLECULAR CLONING, NUCLEOTIDE ANALYSIS, AND GENE EXPRESSION INESCHERICHIA COLI - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
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