Projects

Immunologic and Pharmacological Interventions of Vector-Borne Babesiosis Appropriated (D)   Accession Number: 411502

Host Immunogenetics Predict Clinical Diseases in Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus Infected Sheep Appropriated (D)   Accession Number: 411943

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies: the Role of Genetics, Strain Variation, and Environmental Contamination in Disease Control Appropriated (D)   Accession Number: 411463

Determinants of Anaplasma Marginale Transmission at the Vector/pathogen Interface Appropriated (D)   Accession Number: 411501

Control of Gammaherpesvirus-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Ruminants Appropriated (D)   Accession Number: 411144

Dissemination of Abnormal Prion Protein in the Neural and Extraneural Tissues of Wild Rocky Mountain Elk Specific Cooperative Agreement (S)   Accession Number: 413374

Pathogenesis and Immunological Control of Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever in American Bison Specific Cooperative Agreement (S)   Accession Number: 411739

Strain Typing of Chronic Wasting Disease (Cwd) and Scrapie by Intracerebral Inoculation into Transgenic and Inbred Mouse Lines Specific Cooperative Agreement (S)   Accession Number: 411895

Transgenic Analysis of Chronic Wasting Disease Strains Specific Cooperative Agreement (S)   Accession Number: 409983

Combination Vaccines for Tick-Borne Diseases Specific Cooperative Agreement (S)   Accession Number: 410348

Publications

Limited transcriptional response of ovine microglia to prion accumulation - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Stanton, J.B., Knowles Jr, D.P., Call, D.R., Mathison, B.A., Baszler, T.V. 2009. Limited transcriptional response of ovine microglia to prion accumulation. Journal of Virology. Available: doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.06.030

Development of a Multiplex Real-time PCR for Detection and Differentiation of Malignant Catarrhal Fever Viruses in Clinical Samples - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Cunha, C.W., Otto, L., Taus, N.S., Knowles Jr, D.P., Li, H. 2009. Development of a Multiplex Real-time PCR for Detection and Differentiation of Malignant Catarrhal Fever Viruses in Clinical Samples. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Available: http://jcm.asm.org/cgi/reprint/JCM.00997-09v1?view=long&pmid=19494077

Quantification of Theileria parva in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Acari: Ixodidae) Confirms Differences in Infection Between Selected Tick Strains - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Odongo, D., Ueti, M.W., Mwaura, S., Knowles Jr, D.P., Bishop, R., Scoles, G.A. 2009. Quantification of Theileria parva in Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Acari: Ixodidae) Confirms Differences in Infection Between Selected Tick Strains. Journal of Medical Entomology. 46(4):888-894.

Peripheral Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Provirus Levels Correlate with and Predict Histological Tissue Lesion Severity in Naturally Infected Sheep - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Hoesing, L.M., Noh, S.M., White, S.N., Snekvik, K.R., Truscott, T.C., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2009. Peripheral Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Provirus Levels Correlate with and Predict Histological Tissue Lesion Severity in Naturally Infected Sheep. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 16(4):551-557.

Independence of Anaplasma marginale Strains with High and Low Transmission Efficiencies in the Tick Vector following Simultaneous Acquisition by Feeding on a Superinfected Mammalian Reservoir Host - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Galletti, M.F., Ueti, M.W., Knowles Jr, D.P., Brayton, K.A., Palmer, G.H. 2009. Independence of Anaplasma marginale Strains with High and Low Transmission Efficiencies in the Tick Vector following Simultaneous Acquisition by Feeding on a Superinfected Mammalian Reservoir Host. Infection and Immunity. 77(4):1459-1464.

Conservation in the face of diversity: multistrain analysis of an intracellular bacterium - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Dark, M.J., Herndon, D.R., Kappmeyer, L.S., Gonzales, M.P., Nordeen, E., Palmer, G.H., Knowles Jr, D.P., Brayton, K.A. 2009. Conservation in the face of diversity: multistrain analysis of an intracellular bacterium. Biomed Central (BMC) Genomics. 10:16.

Quantitative Differences in Salivary Pathogen Load during Tick Transmission Underlie Strain-Specific Variation in Transmission Efficiency of Anaplasma marginale - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Ueti, M.W., Knowles Jr, D.P., Davitt, C.M., Scoles, G.A., Baszler, T.V., Palmer, G.H. 2009. Quantitative Differences in Salivary Pathogen Load during Tick Transmission Underlie Strain-Specific Variation in Transmission Efficiency of Anaplasma marginale. Infection and Immunity. 77(1):70-75.

Ovine progressive pneumonia provirus levels are unaffected by the prion 171R allele in an Idaho sheep flock - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Harrington, R.D., Hoesing, L.M., White, S.N., Orourke, K.I., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2009. Ovine progressive pneumonia provirus levels are unaffected by the prion 171R allele in an Idaho sheep flock. Genetics Selection Evolution. 41(1):17

Small-Ruminant Lentivirus Enchances PrP-Sc Accumulation in Cultured Sheep Microglial Cells - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Stanton, J.B., Knowles Jr, D.P., Orourke, K.I., Hoesing, L.M., Mathison, B.A., Baszler, T.V. 2008. Small-Ruminant Lentivirus Enchances PrP-Sc Accumulation in Cultured Sheep Microglial Cells. Journal of Virology. 82(20):9839-9847.

Ovine progressive pneumonia provirus levels associate with breed and Ovar-DRB1 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Hoesing, L.M., White, S.N., Mousel, M.R., Lewis, G.S., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2008. Ovine progressive pneumonia provirus levels associate with breed and Ovar-DRB1. Immunogenetics. 60(12):749-758.

Scrapie resistance in ARQ sheep - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Laegreid, W.W., Clawson, M.L., Heaton, M.P., Green, B.T., Orourke, K.I., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2008. Scrapie resistance in ARQ sheep. Journal of Virology. 82(20):10318-10320. Available: DOI:10.1128/JVI.00710-08.

Validation of a Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Babesia bigemina Antibodies in Cattle - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Goff, W.L., Johnson, W.C., Molloy, J.B., Jorgensen, W.K., Waldron, S.J., Figueroa, J.V., Matthee, O., Adams, D.S., Mcguire, T.C., Pino, I., Mosqueda, J., Palmer, G.H., Suarez, C.E., Knowles Jr, D.P., Mcelwain, T.F. 2008. Validation of a Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Babesia bigemina Antibodies in Cattle. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 15(9):1316-1321.

Tick-Borne Transmission of Two Genetically Distinct Anaplasma marginale Strains following Superinfection of the Mammalian Reservoir Host - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Leverich, C.K., Palmer, G.H., Knowles Jr, D.P., Brayton, K.A. 2008. Tick-Borne Transmission of Two Genetically Distinct Anaplasma marginale Strains following Superinfection of the Mammalian Reservoir Host. Infection and Immunity. 76(9):4066-4070.

Persistently Infected Horses Are Reservoirs for Intrastadial Tick-Borne Transmission of the Apicomplexan Parasite Babesia equi - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Ueti, M.W., Palmer, G.H., Scoles, G.A., Kappmeyer, L.S., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2008. Persistently Infected Horses Are Reservoirs for Intrastadial Tick-Borne Transmission of the Apicomplexan Parasite Babesia equi. Infection and Immunity. 76(8):3525-3529.

Experimental infection of rabbits with ovine herpesvirus 2 from sheep nasal secretions - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Gailbreath, K.L., Taus, N.S., Cunha, C.W., Knowles Jr, D.P., Li, H. 2008. Experimental infection of rabbits with ovine herpesvirus 2 from sheep nasal secretions. Veterinary Microbiology. 132:65-73.

Ovine herpesvirus 2 replicates initially in the lung of experimentally infected sheep - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Li, H., Cunha, C.W., Davies, C.J., Gailbreath, K.L., Knowles Jr, D.P., Oaks, J.L., Taus, N.S. 2008. Ovine herpesvirus 2 replicates initially in the lung of experimentally infected sheep. Journal of General Virology. 89(7):1699-1708.

A novel SINE family occurs frequently in both genomic DNA and transcribed sequences in ixodid ticks of the arthropod sub-phylum Chelicerata. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Sunter, J.D., Patel, S.P., Skilton, R.A., Githaka, N., Knowles Jr, D.P., Scoles, G.A., Nene, V., De Villiers, E., Bishop, R. 2008. A novel SINE family occurs frequently in both genomic DNA and transcribed sequences in ixodid ticks of the arthropod sub-phylum Chelicerata. Gene. 415(1-2):13-22.

Transmission of Babesia caballi by Dermacentor nitens (Acari: Ixodidae) Is Restricted to One Generation in the Absense of Alimentary Reinfection on a Susceptible Equine Host - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Schwint, N.O., Knowles Jr, D.P., Ueti, M.W., Kappmeyer, L.S., Scoles, G.A. 2008. Transmission of Babesia caballi by Dermacentor nitens (Acari: Ixodidae) Is Restricted to One Generation in the Absense of Alimentary Reinfection on a Susceptible Equine Host. Journal of Medical Entomology. 45(6):1152-1155.

Biotechnology in the diagnosis of infectious diseases and vaccine development - (Book/Chapter)

Knowles Jr, D.P., Li, H., Pastoret, P.P. 2008. Biotechnology in the diagnosis of infectious diseases and vaccine development. In: Pearson, J.E. Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Paris, France. Office des International des Epizooites. 66-89.

Genomic analysis of Ovis aries (Ovar)MHC Class IIa loci - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Hoesing, L.M., White, S.N., Kappmeyer, L.S., Herndon, D.R., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2008. Genomic analysis of Ovis aries (Ovar)MHC Class IIa loci. Immunogenetics. 60(3):167-176.

Superinfection as a driver for genomic diversification in antigenically variant pathogens - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Futse, J.E., Brayton, K.A., Dark, M.J., Knowles Jr, D.P., Palmer, G.H. 2008. Superinfection as a driver for genomic diversification in antigenically variant pathogens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105(6):2123-2127.

Beta(2) integrin Mac-1 is a receptor for Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin on bovine and ovine leukocytes - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lawrence, P.K., Nelson, W.R., Liu, W., Knowles Jr, D.P., Foreyt, W.J., Srikumaran, S. 2008. Beta(2) integrin Mac-1 is a receptor for Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin on bovine and ovine leukocytes. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 122(3-4):285-294.

Validation of an Anaplasma marginale cELISA for use in the diagnosis of A. ovis infections in domestic sheep and Anaplasma spp. in wild ungulates - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Scoles, G.A., Goff, W.L., Lysyk, T.J., Lewis, G.S., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2008. Validation of an Anaplasma marginale cELISA for use in the diagnosis of A. ovis infections in domestic sheep and Anaplasma spp. in wild ungulates. Veterinary Microbiology. 130:184-190.

A species barrier limits transmission of chronic wasting disease to mink (Mustela vison) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Harrington, R.D., Baszler, T.V., Orourke, K.I., Schneider, D.A., Spraker, T.R., Liggitt, H.D., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2008. A species barrier limits transmission of chronic wasting disease to mink (Mustela vison). Journal of General Virology. 89(4):1086-1096.

A collaborative Canadian-United Kingdom evaluation of an immunohistochemistry protocol to diagnose bovine spongiform encephalopathy - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Manning, L., Orourke, K.I., Knowles Jr, D.P., Marsh, S., Spencer, Y.I., Moffat, E., Wells, G.A., Czub, S. 2008. A collaborative Canadian-United Kingdom evaluation of an immunohistochemistry protocol to diagnose bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 20(4):113-117.

Association of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae Infection with Population-Limiting Respiratory Disease in Free-Ranging Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Besser, T.E., Cassirer, K.A., Potter, K.A., Vanderschalie, J., Fischer, A., Knowles Jr, D.P., Herndon, D.R., Rurangirwa, F.R., Weiser, G.C., Srikumaran, S. 2008. Association of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae Infection with Population-Limiting Respiratory Disease in Free-Ranging Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis). Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 46(2):423-430.

Scrapie resistance in ARQ sheep - (Abstract)

Laegreid, W.W., Clawson, M.L., Heaton, M.P., Green, B.T., Orourke, K.I., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2008. Scrapie resistance in ARQ sheep (abstract). Plant and Animal Genome XVI Conference. Poster No. P550.

Genome Sequence of Babesia bovis and Camparative Analysis of Apicomplexan Hemoprotozoa - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Brayton, K., Lau, A.O., Herndon, D.R., Hannick, L., Kappmeyer, L.S., Berens, S.J., Bidwell, S.L., Brown, W.C., Crabtree, J., Fadrosh, D., Feldblum, T., Forberger, H.A., Haas, B.J., Howell, J.M., Khouri, H., Koo, H., Mann, D.J., Norimine, J., Paulsen, I.T., Radune, D., Ren, Q., Smith, R.K., Suarez, C.E., White, O., Wortman, J.R., Knowles Jr, D.P., Mcelwain, T.F., Nene, V.M. 2007. Genome Sequence of Babesia bovis and Camparative Analysis of Apicomplexan Hemoprotozoa. PLoS Pathogens. 3(10):1401-1413.

Development and Validation of an Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus Quantitative PCR - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Hoesing, L.M., White, S.N., Lewis, G.S., Mousel, M.R., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2007. Development and Validation of an Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus Quantitative PCR. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 14(10):1274-1278

Persistently Infected Calves as Reservoirs for Acquisition and Transovarial Transmission of Babesia bovis by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Howell, J.M., Ueti, M.W., Palmer, G.H., Scoles, G.A., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2007. Persistently Infected Calves as Reservoirs for Acquisition and Transovarial Transmission of Babesia bovis by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 45(10):3155-3159

Presence of specific MHC Class II expressed alleles associates with clinical disease in ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) infected sheep - (Abstract) - (18-Jun-07)

Transfection of non-susceptible cells with Ovis aries recombinant lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 renders susceptibility to Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Lawrence, P.K., Dassanayake, R.P., Knowles Jr, D.P., Srikumaran, S. 2007. Transfection of non-susceptible cells with Ovis aries recombinant lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 renders susceptibility to Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin. Veterinary Microbiology. 125(1-2):91-99.

Identification of Midgut and Salivary Glands as Specific and Distinct Barriers to Efficient Tick-Borne Transmission of Anaplasma marginale - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Ueti, M.W., Reagon, J.O., Knowles Jr, D.P., Scoles, G.A., Shkap, V., Palmer, G.H. 2007. Identification of Midgut and Salivary Glands as Specific and Distinct Barriers to Efficient Tick-Borne Transmission of Anaplasma marginale. Infection and Immunity. 75(6):2959-2964

Localization of a TNF-activated transcription site and interactions with the gamma activated site within the CAEV U3 70 base pair repeat - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Murphy, B., Jasmer, D., White, S.N., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2007. Localization of a TNF-activated transcription site and interactions with the gamma activated site within the CAEV U3 70 base pair repeat. Virology. 364:196-207

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - (Book/Chapter)

Knowles Jr, D.P. 2008. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy. In: Brown, C., Torres, A., editors. The United States Animal Health Association - Foreign Animal Diseases. Seventh Edition. Boca Raton, FL: Boca Publications Group, Inc. p. 185-188.

Characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Major Surface Protein 5 and the Extent of Its Cross-Reactivity with A. marginale - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Strik, N.I., Alleman, A.R., Barbet, A.F., Sorenson, H.L., Wamsley, H.L., Gaschen, F.P., Luckschander, N., Wong, S., Chu, F., Foley, J.E., Bjoersdorff, A., Stuen, S., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2007. Characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Major Surface Protein 5 and the Extent of Its Cross-Reactivity with A. marginale. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 14(3):262-268

Evidence of proviral clearance following postpartum transmission of an ovine lentivirus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Hoesing, L.M., Palmer, G.H., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2007. Evidence of proviral clearance following postpartum transmission of an ovine lentivirus. Virology. 362(1):226-234

Selection for Simple Major Surface Protein 2 Variants during Anaplasma marginale Transmission to Immunologically Naive Animals - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Palmer, G.H., Futse, J.E., Leverich, C.K., Knowles Jr, D.P., Rurangirwa, F.R., Brayton, K.A. 2007. Selection for Simple Major Surface Protein 2 Variants during Anaplasma marginale Transmission to Immunologically Naive Animals. Infection and Immunity. 75(3):1502-1506.

Transovarial Transmission Efficiency of Babesia bovis Tick Stages Acquired by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus during Acute Infection - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Howell, J.M., Ueti, M.W., Palmer, G.H., Scoles, G.A., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2007. Transovarial Transmission Efficiency of Babesia bovis Tick Stages Acquired by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus during Acute Infection. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 45(2):426-431.

Conservation of Transmission Phenotype of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) Strains Among Dermacentor and Rhipicephalus Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Scoles, G.A., Ueti, M.W., Noh, S.M., Knowles Jr, D.P., Palmer, G.H. 2007. Conservation of Transmission Phenotype of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) Strains Among Dermacentor and Rhipicephalus Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology. 44(3):484-491

Validation of a Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Antibodies against Babesia bovis - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Goff, W.L., Molloy, J.B., Johnson, W.C., Suarez, C.E., Pino, I., Rhalem, A., Sahibi, H., Ceci, L., Carelli, G., Adams, D.S., Mcguire, T.C., Knowles Jr, D.P., Mcelwain, T.F. 2006. Validation of a Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Antibodies against Babesia bovis. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 13(11):1212-1216.

Comparison of Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Genomes Isolated from Domestic Sheep (Ovis Aries) and a Clinically Affected Cow (Bos Bovis) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Taus, N.S., Herndon, D.R., Traul, D., Stewart, J.P., Ackermann, M., Li, H., Knowles Jr, D.P., Lewis, G.S., Brayton, K.A. 2007. Comparison of ovine herpesvirus 2 genomes isolated from domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and a clinically affected cow (Bos bovis). Journal of General Virology. 88(1):40-45.

A Canadian Bison Isolate of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsialles: Anaplasmataceae) Is Not Transmissible by Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae), Whereas Ticks from Two Canadian D. andersoni Populations Are Competent Vectors - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Scoles, G.A., Mcelwain, T.F., Rurangirwa, F.R., Knowles Jr, D.P., Lysyk, T.J. 2006. A Canadian Bison Isolate of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) Is Not Transmissible by Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae), Whereas Ticks from Two Canadian D. andersoni Populations Are Competent Vectors of a U.S. Strain. Journal of Medical Entomology. 43(5): 971-975.

Tnf¿ and Gm-Csf-Induced Activation of the Caev Promoter Is Independent of Ap-1 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Murphy, B.G., Hotzel, I., Jasmer, D.P., Davis, W.C., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2006. TNFalpha and GM-CSF-induced activation of the CAEV promoter is independent of AP-1. Virology. 352(1):188-199.

Differential Expression and Sequence Conservation of the Anaplasma Marginale Msp2 Gene Superfamily Outer Membrane Proteins - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Noh, S.M., Brayton, K.A., Knowles Jr, D.P., Agnes, J.T., Dark, M.J., Brown, W.C., Baszler, T.V., Palmer, G.H. 2006. Differential Expression and Sequence Conservation of the Anaplasma marginale msp2 Gene Superfamily Outer Membrane Proteins. Infection and Immunity. 74(6):3471-3479.

Immune Control of Babesia Bovis Infection - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Brown, W.C., Norimine, J., Knowles Jr, D.P., Goff, W.L. 2006. Immune control of babesia bovis infection. Veterinary Parasitology. 138:75-87.

Fewer Prpc Myeloid-Based Cells in Sheep with the Prion Resistant Genotype - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Hoesing, L.M., Baszler, T.V., O'Rourke, K.I., Suarez, C.E., Bakko, M., Alverson, J., Knowles, Jr., D.P. 2006. Fewer PrPc myeloid-based cells in sheep with the prion resistant genotype. NeuroReport. 17(2):125-129.

A Novel 78-Kda Fatty Acyl-Coa Synthetase (Acs1) of Babesia Bovis Stimulates Memory Cd4+ T Lymphocyte Responses in B. Bovis-Immune Cattle - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Norimine, J., Ruef, B.J., Palmer, G.H., Knowles Jr, D.P., Herndon, D.R., Rice-Ficht, A.C., Brown, W.C. 2006. A novel 78-kDa fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS1) of Babesia bovis stimulates memory CD4+ T lymphocyte responses in B. bovis-immune cattle. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology. 147(1):20-29

Development of Specific Immunoglobulin GA (Igga) and Iggb Antibodies Correlates with Control of Parasitemia in Babesia Equi Infection - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Cunha, C.W., Mcguire, T.C., Kappmeyer, L.S., Hines, S.A., Lopez, A., Dellagostin, O.A., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2006. Development of Specific Immunoglobulin Ga (IgGa) and IgGb Antibodies Correlates with Control of Parasitemia in Babesia equi Infection. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 13(2):297-300.

Improved Diagnostics for Equine Piroplasmosis Surveillance and Control Programs - (Proceedings/Symposium)

Goff, W.L., Rhalem, A., Lasri, S., Johnson, W.C., Sahibi, H., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2006. Improved diagnostics for equine piroplasmosis surveillance and control programs. 9th Congress of the World Equine Veterinary Association. p.265-266.

Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of 15 Mhc Class II Drb1 B1 Expressed Alleles in a Ewe-Lamb Flock - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Hoesing, L.M., Brown, W., Lewis, G.S., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2005. Identification and phylogenetic analysis of 15 MHC class II DRB1 B1 expressed alleles in a ewe-lamb flock. Immunogenetics. 57(11):855-863.

A Novel Subgroup of Rhadinoviruses in Ruminants - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Li, H., Gailbreath, K.L., Flach, E.J., Taus, N.S., Cooley, J., Keller, J., Russell, G., Knowles Jr, D.P., Haig, D.M., Oaks, J.L., Traul, D., Crawford, T.B. 2005. A novel subgroup of rhadinoviruses in ruminants. Journal of General Virology. 86: 3021-3026.

Comparative Infectivity of Babesia Divergens and a Zoonotic Babesia Divergens-Like Parasite in Cattle. - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Holman, P.J., Spencer, A., Telford, S.R., Goethert, H.K., Allen, A., Knowles Jr, D.P., Goff, W.L. 2005. Comparative infectivity of babesia divergens and a zoonotic babesia divergens-like parasite in cattle. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 73(5):865-870.

Distinctly Different Msp2 Pseudogene Repertoires in Anaplasma Marginale Strains That Are Capable of Superinfection - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Rodriguez, J., Palmer, G.H., Knowles Jr, D.P., Brayton, K.A. 2005. Distinctly different msp2 pseudogene repertoires in Anaplasma marginale strains that are capable of superinfection. Gene. 361:127-132.

A Novel Subgroup of Rhadinoviruses in Ruminants - (Abstract)

Li, H., Gailbreath, K.L., Flach, E.J., Taus, N.S., Cooley, J., Keller, J., Russell, G., Knowles Jr, D.P., Haig, D.M., Oaks, J.L., Traul, D., Crawford, T.B. A novel subgroup of rhadinoviruses in ruminants. November, 2005, 48th Annual Meeting of American Association of Laboratory Diagnosticians, Hershey, PA. P.31.

Genetic Diversity of Listeria Monocytogenes Strains from a Highly Contaminated Dairy Farm - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Borucki, M.K., Gay, C.C., Reynolds, J.O., Mcelwain, K.L., Kim, S., Call, D.R., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2005. Genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes strains from a high-prevalence dairy farm. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 71(10):5893-5899.

Ability of the Vector Tick Boophilus Microplus to Acquire and Transmit Babesia Equi Following Feeding on Chronically Infected Horses with Low Level Parasitemia - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Ueti, M.W., Palmer, G.H., Kappmeyer, L.S., Statdfield, M., Scoles, G.A., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2005. Ability of the Vector Tick Boophilus microplus To Acquire and Transmit Babesia equi following Feeding on Chronically Infected Horses with Low-Level Parasitemia. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 43(8):3755-3759.

Structural Basis for Segmental Gene Conversion in Generation of Anaplasma Marginale Outer Membrane Protein Variants - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Futse, J.E., Brayton, K.A., Knowles Jr, D.P., Palmer, G.H. 2005. Structural basis for segmental gene conversion in generation of anaplasma marginale outer membrane protein variants. Molecular Microbiology. 57(1):212-221.

Surface Envelope Glycoprotein Is B-Lymphocyte Immunodominant in Sheep Naturally Infected with Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Herrmann, L.M., Mcguire, T.C., Hotzel, I., Lewis, G.S., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2005. Surface envelope glycoprotein is b-lymphocyte immunodominant in sheep naturally infected with ovine progressive pneumonia virus. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. 12(6):797-800.

Transmission of Caprine Herpesvirus 2 in Domestic Goats - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Li, H., Keller, J., Knowles Jr, D.P., Taus, N.S., Oaks, J.L., Crawford, T.B. 2005. Transmission of caprine herpesvirus 2 in domestic goats. Veterinary Microbiology. 107:23-29.

Complete Genome Sequencing of Anaplasma Marginale Reveals That the Surface Is Skewed to Two Superfamilies of Outer Membrane Proteins - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Brayton, K.A., Kappmeyer, L.S., Herndon, D.R., Dark, M.J., Tibbals, D.L., Palmer, G.H., Mcguire, T.C., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2005. Complete genome sequencing of anaplasma marginale reveals that the surface is skewed to two superfamilies of outer membrane proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102(3):844-849.

Stochastic Transmission of Multiple Genotypically Distinct Anaplasma Marginale Strains in a Herd with High Prevalence of Anaplasma Infection - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Palmer, G.H., Knowles, D.P., Rodriguez, J-L., Gnad, D.P., Hollis, L.C., Marston, T., Brayton, K.A. 2004. Stochastic Transmission of Multiple Genotypically Distinct Anaplasma marginale Strains in a Herd with High Prevalence of Anaplasma Infection. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 42(11):5381-5384.

Infection of Immunodeficient Horses with Sarcocystis Neurona Does Not Result in Neurologic Disease - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Sellon, D.C., Knowles Jr, D.P., Greiner, E.C., Long, M.T., Hines, M.T., Hochstatter, T., Tibary, A., Dame, J.B. 2004. Infection of immunodeficient horses with sarcocystis neurona does not result in neurologic disease. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. 11(6):1134-1139.

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy An Assessment of Risk - (Popular Publication)

Knowles Jr, D.P., Mcelwain, T. 2004. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy an assessment of risk. Popular Publication. Ketch Pen. 21(8):6.

Dairy Farm Reservoir of Listeria Monocytogenes Sporadic and Epidemic Strains - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Borucki, M.K., Reynolds, J.O., Gay, C., Mcelwain, K., Kim, S.H., Knowles Jr, D.P., Hu, J. 2004. Dairy farm reservoir of Listeria monocytogenes sporadic and epidemic strains. Journal of Food Protection. 67(11):2496-2499.

Oral Inoculation of A/j Mice Detects Invasiveness Differences Between Listeria Monocytogenes Epidemic and Environmental Strains - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Kim, S.H., Bakko, M., Knowles Jr, D.P., Borucki, M.K. 2004. Oral inoculation of a/j mice detects invasiveness differences between listeria monocytogenes epidemic and environmental strains. Infection and Immunity. 72(7):4318-4321.

Seven New Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus (Oppv) Field Isolates from Dubois Idaho Sheep Comprise Part of Oppv Clade II Based on Surface Envelope Glycoprotein (Su) Sequences - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Herrmann, L.M., Hotzel, I., Cheevers, W.P., Pretty On Top, K., Lewis, G.S., Knowles, D.P. SEVEN NEW OVINE PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA VIRUS (OPPV) FIELD ISOLATES FROM DUBOIS IDAHO SHEEP COMPRISE PART OF OPPV CLADE II BASED ON SURFACE ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN (SU) SEQUENCES. Virus Research. 2004. v. 102. p. 215-220.

Polymorphisms in the Prion Precursor Functional Gene But Not the Pseudogene Are Associated with Susceptibility to Chronic Wasting Disease in White-Tailed Deer - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

O'Rourke, K.I., Spraker, T.R., Hamburg, L.K., Besser, T.E., Brayton, K.A., Knowles, D.P. 2004. Polymorphisms in the prion precursor functional gene but not the pseudogene are associated with susceptibilty to chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer. Journal of General Virology. 85:1339-1346.

A Processed Pseudogene Contributes to Apparent Mule Deer Prion Gene Heterogeneity - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Brayton, K.A., O'Rourke, K.I., Lyda, A.K., Miller, M.W., Knowles, D.P. A processed pseudogene contributes to apparent mule deer prion gene heterogeneity. Gene. 2003. v. 326. p. 167-173.

Depletion of Natural Killer Cells Does Not Result in Neurologic Disease Due to Sarcocystis Neurona in Mice with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Sellon, D.C., Knowles Jr, D.P., Greiner, E.C., Long, M.T., Hines, M.T., Hochstatter, T., Hasel, K.M., Ueti, M., Gillis, K., Dame, J.B. 2004. Depletion of natural killer cells does not result in neurologic disease due to sarcocystis neurona in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. Journal of Parasitology. 90(4):782-788.

Expression of Equi Merozoite Antigen 2 During Development of Babesia Equi in the Midgut and Salivary Gland of the Vector Tick Boophilus Microplus - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Ueti, M.W., G.H. Palmer, L.S. Kappmeyer, G.A. Scoles and D.P. Knowles. 2003. Expression of Equi Merozoite Antigen 2 during Development of Babesia equi in the Midgut and Salivary Gland of the vector tick Boophilus microplus. J. Clin. Micro. 41(12):5803-5809.

Detection of Serum Antibodies to Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus (Oppv) in Sheep Using a Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus (Caev) Competitive-Inhibition Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Celisa) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

HERRMANN, L.M., CHEEVERS, W.P., MARSHALL, K.L., MC GUIRE, T.C., HUTTON, M.M., LEWIS, G.S., KNOWLES JR, D.P. DETECTION OF SERUM ANTIBODIES TO OVINE PROGRESSIVE PNEUMONIA VIRUS (OPPV) IN SHEEP USING A CAPRINE ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS (CAEV) COMPETITIVE-INHIBITION ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (CELISA). CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY. 2003. v. 10 p. 862-865.

The Innate Immune Response to Calves in Boophilus Microplus Tick Transmitted Babesia Bovis Involves Type-1 Cytokine Induction and Nk-Like Cells in the Spleen - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Goff, W.L., Johnson, W.C., Horn, R.H., Barrington, G.M., Knowles Jr, D.P. 2003. The innate immune response to calves in boophilus microplus tick transmitted babesia bovis involves type-1 cytokine induction and nk-like cells in the spleen. Parasite Immunology. 25:185-188

Transmission of Anaplasma Marginale by Boophilus Microplus: Retention of Vector Competence in the Absence of Vector-Pathogen Interaction - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Futse, J.E., Ueti, M.W., Knowles, D.P., Palmer, G.H. Transmission of Anaplasma marginale by Boophilus microplus: Retention of Vector competence in the absence of Vector-pathogen interaction. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2003. v. 41(8). p. 3829-3834.

Biotechnology in the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development - (Book/Chapter)

Gorham, J. R., D. P. Knowles, and H. Li. 2004. Biotechnology in the diagnosis of infectious diseases and vaccine development. In Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines, 5th edition, Office des International des Epizooties, Paris, France, p. 69-90.

Prevalence of Listeria Monocytogenes Subtypes in Bulk Milk of the Pacific Northwest - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

MURAOKA, W.T., GAY, C., KNOWLES JR, D.P., BORUCKI, M.K. PREVALENCE OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES SUBTYPES IN BULK MILK OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST. JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION. 2003. v. 66(8). p. 1413-1419.

Competitive-Inhibition Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Serum Antibodies to Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus: Diagnostic Tool for Successful Eradication - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Herrmann, L.M., Cheevers, W.P., McGuire, T.C., Adams, D.S., Hutton, M.M., Gavin W.G., Knowles D.P. Competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of serum antibodies to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus: Diagnostic tool for successful eradication. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. 2003. v. 10(2). p. 267-271.

Clearance of Virulent But Not Avirulent Rhodococcus Equi from the Lungs of Adult Horses Is Associated with Intracytoplasmic Gamma Interferon Production by Cd+4 and Cd+8 T Lymphocytes - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 10(02)2003 208-215

Prime-Boost Vaccination with Plasmid DNA Encoding Caprine-Arthritis Encephalitis Lentivirus Env and Viral Su Suppresses Challenge Virus and Development of Arthritis - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Virology 306 2003 116-125

Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on a Rhoptry-Associated Protein 1 Epitope Specifically Identifies Babesia Bovis-Infected Cattle - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Goff, W.L., McElwain, T.F., Suarez, C.E., Johnson, W.C., Brown, W.C., Norimine, J., Knowles, D.P. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a rhoptry-associated protein-1 epitope specifically identifies Babesia bovis-infected cattle. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. 2002. v. 10. p. 38-43.

Conformational Dependence and Conservation of An Immunodominant Epitope Within the Babesia Equi Erythrocyte-Stage Surface Protein Equi Merosoite Antigen 1 - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Clinical & Diagnostic Lab. Immunol.9(6)2002 1301-1306

Conservation of the Unique Rickettsial Rrna Gene Arrangement in Anaplasma - (Peer Reviewed Journal) - (15-Mar-02)

Sarcocystis Neurona:parasitemia in a Severe Combined Immunodeficient(scid)horse Fed Sporocysts - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Experimental Parasitology 100 (2002) 150-154

Conservation of the Unique Rickettsial Rrna Gene Arrangement in Anaplasma - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology: (2002) 52, 1405-1409

PrPSc Is Not Detected in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Scrapie-Infected Sheep: Determining the Limit of Sensitivity by Immunohistochemistry - (Peer Reviewed Journal)

Hoesing, L.M., Baszler, T., Knowles Jr, D.P., Cheevers, W. 2002. PrPSc Is Not Detected in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes of Scrapie-Infected Sheep: Determining the Limit of Sensitivity by Immunohistochemistry. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. 9(2):499-502