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Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture
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Alan L Knight
Wapato, Washington
Research Entomologist

Phone: (509) 454-6566
Fax: (509) 454-5646
5230 KONNOWAC PASS RD
WAPATO, WA, 98951-9651

Projects
MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PESTS OF TEMPERATE TREE FRUIT CROPS
Appropriated (D)
  Accession Number: 409485
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW APPLICATION METHODS FOR A MICROENCAPSULATED SPRAYABLE SEX PHEROMONE FORMULATION FOR CODLING MOTH
Trust (T)
  Accession Number: 408987

Publications
Battling Wormy apples in the Home Orchard Using a SOFT Approach - (Popular Publication)
Hilton, R., Knight, A.L. 2009. Battling Wormy apples in the Home Orchard Using a SOFT Approach. Popular Publication, The Applegator, March issue p 7-8, Medford, OR.
Combining Pear Ester with Codlemone Improves Management of Codling Moth - (Proceedings/Symposium) - (15-Feb-09)
Monitoring and Managing Codling Moth Clearly and Precisely - (Trade Journal)
Knight, A.L., Hawkins, L., Mcnamara, K., Hilton, R. 2009. Monitoring and Managing Codling Moth Clearly and Precisely. Good Fruit Grower 26-27.
Creating Point Sources for Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with Low-Volume Sprays of a Microencapsulated Sex Pheromone Formulation - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L., Larsen, T.E. 2008. Creating Point Sources for Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with Low-Volume Sprays of a Microencapsulated Sex Pheromone Formulation. Environmental Entomology 37(5):1136-1144.
Worldwide Variability of Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in the Codling Moth - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Reyes, M., Franck, P., Olivares, J., Margaritopoulos, J., Knight, A.L., Sauphanor, B. 2008. Worldwide Variability of Insecticide Resistance Mechanisms in the Codling Moth. Bulletin of Entomological Research. p 1-11, Dec 9 online early publication.
Field Evaluations of Concentrated Spray Applications of Microencapsulated Sex Pheromone for Codling Moth - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L., Larsen, T.E., Ketner, K., Hilton, R., Hawkins, L. 2008. Field Evaluations of Concentrated Spray Applications of Microencapsulated Sex Pheromone for Codling Moth. Environmental Entomology 37:980-989.
Codling Moth Areawide IPM - (Book/Chapter)
Knight, A.L. 2008. Codling Moth Areawide IPM. pp. 159-190. In: Areawide Pest Management Theory and Implementation. O.Koul, G.Cupernus, N. Elliott (eds.) CAB International, Oxfordshire, UK.
Adjusting the Phenology Model of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Washington State Apple Orchards - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L. 2007. Adjusting the Phenology Model of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Washington State Apple Orchards. Environmental Entomology 36:1485-1493.
Mating Disruption of the Oriental Fruit Moth by Concentrated Applications of Microencapsulated Pheromone in Turkey - (Abstract)
Kovanci, O.B., Gencer, N.S., Larsen, T.E., Knight, A.L. 2007. Mating disruption of the oriental fruit moth by concentrated applications of microencapsulated pheromone in Turkey. IOBC Conference Proceedings, Sept 9-14, 2007, Lund, Sweden.
Applied Chemical Ecology of the Oriental Fruit Moth: Optimizing the Use of Hand-Applied Dispensers for Mating Disruption - (Abstract)
Kovanci, O.B., Gencer, N.S., Larsen, T.E., Knight, A.L. 2007. Applied chemical ecology of the oriental fruit moth: optimizing the use of hand-applied dispensers for mating disruption. Proceedings of the 23rd International Society of Chemical Ecology Meeting, July 22-27, 2007, Tena, Germany.
Codling Moth has a New Calendar - (Popular Publication)
Knight, A.L. 2007. Codling Moth has a New Calendar. Good Fruit Grower 58(5):16-17.
Evaluation of the Pear Ester Kairomone as a Formulation Additive for the Granulovirus of Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) in Pome Fruits - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Arthurs, S.P., Hilton, R., Knight, A.L., Lacey, L.A. 2007. Evaluation of the Pear Ester Kairomone as a Formulation Additive for the Granulovirus of Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) in Pome Fruits. Journal of Economic Entomology 100:702-709.
Microbial Control of Lepidopteran Pests of Apple Orchards - (Book/Chapter)
Lacey, L.A., Arthurs, S.P., Knight, A.L., Huber, J. 2007. Microbial control of lepidopteran pests of apple orchards. In: Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology: Application and Evaluation of Pathogens for Control of Insects and Other Invertebrate Pests, 2nd ed. L.A. Lacey & H.K. Kaya, eds. pp. 527-546. Springer Scientific Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Resetting the CM Clock: Targeting Peak Pest Periods - (Abstract)
Knight, A.L. 2007. Resetting the CM Clock: Targeting Peak Pest Periods. Western Orchard Pest and Disease Management Conference.
Good News? Codling Moth Exhibits Negative Cross Resistance Between Guthion and Rimon - (Abstract)
Knight, A.L. 2007. Good News? Codling Moth Exhibits Negative Cross Resistance Between Guthion and Rimon. Western Orchard Pest and Disease Management Conference.
Spraying Codling Moth Sex Pheromone with and without Insecticides: 'Allowing Growers to Concentrate' - (Abstract)
Knight, A.L. 2007. Spraying Codling Moth Sex Pheromone with and without Insecticides: 'Allowing Growers to Concentrate'. Western Orchard Pest and Disease Management Conference.
Management of oriental fruit moth with ground ULV spray applications of a microencapsulated sex pheromone - (Proceedings/Symposium)
Knight, A.L., Light, D.M., Pickel, C., Kovanci, O., Molinari, F. 2008. Management of oriental fruit moth with ground ULV spray applications of a microencapsulated sex pheromone. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin Vol. 37. Working Group "Integrated Plant Protection in Stone Fruit", Proceedings of the meeting at Balandran (France), 14-16 October, 2006. Edited by: Fabio Molinari, Jean Lichou and Emanuele Mazzoni, ISBN 978-92-9067-211-1 [viii + 173 pp].roceedings).
Multiple-Mating of Male and Female Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Apple Orchards Treated with Sex Pheromone - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L. 2006. Multiple-mating of male and female codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in apple orchards treated with sex pheromone. Environmental Entomology. 36:157-164.
Influence of Within-Orchard Trap Placement on Catch of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Sex Pheromone-Treated Orchards - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L. 2007. Influence of within-orchard trap placement on catch of codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in sex pheromone-treated orchards. Environmental Entomology 36:425-432.
Increased Catch of Male Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Orange Plastic Delta-Shaped Traps - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L., Fisher, J. 2007. Increased catch of male codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae)in orange plastic delta-shaped traps. Environmental Entomology. 35:1597-1602.
Disruption of Mating in Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) by An Anthranilamid Insecticide - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L. 2007. Disruption of mating in codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) by an anthranilamid insecticide. Pest Management Science. 63:180-189.
Assessing the Mating Status of Female Codling Moth (Lepidoptera:tortricidae) in Orchards Treated with Sex Pheromone Using Traps Baited with Ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-Decadienoate - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L. 2006. Assessing the mating status of female codling moth (lepidoptera:tortricidae) in orchards treated with sex pheromone using traps baited with ethyl (e, z)-2,4-decadienoate. Environmental Entomology 35:894-900.
Another Tool to Manage Codling Moth: Ulv Ground Pheromone Sprays - (Popular Publication)
Knight, A.L. 2006. Another tool to manage codling moth: ulv ground pheromone sprays. Good Fruit Grower 57(7):25-27.
Using Pear Ester to Monitor Codling Moth in Sex Pheromone-Treated Orchards - (Experiment Station)
Knight, A.L., Hilton, R., Vanbuskirk, P., Light, D.M. 2006. Using pear ester to monitor codling moth in sex pheromone treated orchards. Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station. Oregon State University, Extension Service Publication EM 8904, February 2006. 8 p.
Developing Action Thresholds for Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with Pear Ester and Codlemone-Baited Traps in Apple Orchards Treated with Sex Pheromone Mating Disruption - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L., Light, D.M. 2005. Developing action thresholds for codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with pear ester and codlemone-baited traps in apple orchards treated with sex pheromone mating disruption. Can. Entomol. 137(6):739-747.
Timing of Egg Hatch by Early-Season Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Predicted by Moth Catch in Pear Ester and Codlemone-Baited Traps - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L., Light, D.M. 2005. Timing of egg hatch by early-season codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) predicted by moth catch in pear ester and codlemone-baited traps. Can. Entomol. 137(6):728-738.
Factors Affecting the Differential Capture of Male and Female Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Traps Baited with Ethyl (E,z)-2,4-Decadienoate - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L., Light, D.M. 2005. Factors affecting the differential capture of male and female codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in traps baited with ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-Decadienoate. Environmental Entomology. 34(5):1161-1169.
Seasonal Flight Patterns of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Monitored with Pear Ester and Codlemone-Baited Traps in Sex Pheromone-Treated Apple Orchards - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L., Light, D.M. 2005. Seasonal flight patterns of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) monitored with pear ester and codlemone-baited traps in sex pheromone-treated apple orchards. Environmental Entomology. 34(5):1028-1035.
Dose-Response of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to Ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-Decadienoate in Apple Orchards Treated with Sex Pheromone Dispensers - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L., Light, D.M. 2005. Dose-response of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to ethyl (E, Z)-2,4-decadienoate in apple orchards treated with sex pheromone dispensers. Environmental Entomology. 34(3):604-609.
Monitoring Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Apple with Blends of Ethyl (E,z)-2,4-Decadienoate and Codlemone - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L., Hilton, R., Light, D.M. 2005. Monitoring codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple with blends of ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate and codlemone. Environmental Entomology. 34(3):598-603.
Managing Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with An Internal Grid of Either Aerosol Puffers Or Dispenser Clusters Plus Border Applications of Individual Dispensers - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L. 2004. Managing codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with an internal grid of either aerosol puffers or dispenser clusters plus border applications of individual dispensers. Journal of British Columbia Entomological Society. 101:69-77.
Improved Deposition and Performance of a Microencapsulated Sex Pheromone Formulation for Codling Moth (Lepidoptera:tortricidae)with a Low Volume Application - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L., Larsen, T.E. 2004. Improved deposition and performance of a microencapsulated sex pheromone formulation for codling moth (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae)with a low volume application. Journal of British Columbia Entomological Society. 101:79-86.
Use of (E,z)-2,4-Decadienoic Acid in Codling Moth Management. 1. Improved Monitoring in Bartlett Pear with High Dose Lures - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L., Light, D.M. 2004. Use of (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoic acid in codling moth management: Improved monitoring in Bartlett pear with high dose lures. Journal of British Columbia Entomological Society. 101:45-52
Use of (E,z)-2,4-Decadienoic Acid in Codling Moth Management. 3. Kairomone Species Specificity - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L., Light, D.M. 2004. Use of (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoic acid in codling moth management: Kairomone species specificity. Journal of British Columbia Entomological Society. 101:61-67.
Stimulation of Oviposition by Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Exposed to Ethyl (2e,4z)-2,4-Decadienoate - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L., Light, D.M. 2004. Stimulation of oviposition by codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) exposed to ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate. Journal of British Columbia Entomological Society. 101:53-60.
Monitoring Codling Moth in Four Pear Cultivars with the Pear Ester - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L., Van Buskirk, P., Hilton, R.J., Zoller, B.G., Light, D.M. 2005. Monitoring codling moth in four pear cultivars with the pear ester. Acta Horticulturae. 671:565-570.
Novel Kairomone-Related Technologies Enhance Pheromone And/or Insecticide Based Management of Codling Moth and Corn Rootworms - (Abstract)
Lingren, B., Light, D.M., Knight, A.L., Chicon, L., Fernandez, D., Chandler, L.D., Behle, R.W. 2004. Novel kairomone-related technologies enhance pheromone and/or insecticide based management of codling moth and corn rootworms [abstract]. National Entomological Society of America Meeting. Abstract No. 0431.
Kairomone-Augmented Mating Disruption Control for Codling Moth in Californian Walnuts and Apples. - (Proceedings/Symposium)
Light, D.M., Knight, A.L. 2006. Kairomone-augmented mating disruption control for codling moth in californian walnuts and apples. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin (Abstract for Conference Proceedings).
Codling Moth Management: from I.H.E.L.P to M.A.P.S to A.K.I.S.S - (Proceedings/Symposium)
Knight, A.L. 2006. Codling moth management: from I.H.E.L.P. to M.A.P.S. to A.K.I.S.S. IOBC/WRPS Bulletin 28(7): 289-292.
Rainfastness of a Microencapsulated Sex Pheromone Formulation for Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L., Larsen, T.E., Ketner, K.C. 2004. Rainfastness of a microencapsulated sex pheromone. Journal of Economic Entomology. 97:1987-1992.
Efficacy of Codling Moth Granulovirus: Effect of Adjuvants on Persistence of Activity and Comparison with Other Larvicides in a Pacific Northwest Apple Orchard - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Lacey, L.A., Arthurs, S.P., Knight, A.L., Becker, K., Headrick, H.L. 2004. Efficacy of codling moth granulovirus: effect of adjuvants on persistence of activity and comparison with other larvicides in a Pacific Northwest apple orchard. Journal of Entomological Science. 39:500-513.
Specificity of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) for the Kairomone, Ethyl (2e, 4z)-2,4-Decadienoate: Field Bioassays with Pome Fruit Volatiles, Analog and Isomeric Compounds - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Light, D.M., Knight, A.L. 2005. Specificity of codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) for the kairomone, ethyl (2e, 4z)-2,4-decadienoate: field bioassays with pome fruit volatiles, analog and isomeric compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 53(10):4046-4053.
Improvements in Monitoring Codling Moth - (Abstract)
Knight, A.L. 2004. Improvements in monitoring codling moth. Western Orchard Pest and Disease Management Conference. p.14.
A Forty-Year Experiment: Codling Moth's Responses to Guthion and Other Insecticides - (Abstract)
Knight, A.L. 2004. A forty-year experiment: codling moth's responses to guthion and other insecticides. Western Orchard Pest and Disease Management Conference. p.23.
Development and Testing of a New Female-Based Phenology Model for Codling Moth - (Abstract)
Knight, A.L. 2004. Development and testing of a new female-based phenology model for codling moth. Western Orchard Pest and Disease Management Conference. p.15.
How We Can Make Codling Moth Mating Disruption Work - (Abstract)
Knight, A.L. 2004. How we can make codling moth mating disruption work. Western Orchard Pest and Disease Management Conference. p.4.
Testing An Attracticide Hollow Fiber Formulation for Control of Codling Moth, Cydia Pomonella (Lepidoptera:tortricidae) - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L. 2004. Testing an attracticide hollow fiber formulation for control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia. 100:71-78
Influence of Trap Color on the Capture of Codling Moth (Lepiodoptera:tortricidae),honeybees, and Non-Target Flies - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L., Miliczky, E.R. 2004. Influence of trap color on the capture of codling moth (Lepiodoptera:Tortricidae),honeybees, and non-target flies. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia. 100:65-70.
How 40 Years of Guthion Use Changed Codling Moth - (Proceedings/Symposium)
Knight, A.L. 2003. How 40 years of guthion use changed codling moth. National Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting.
Effectiveness of Isomate-C Tt (Twin Tube) Using Varying Rates of Dispensers in Washington Orchards - (Proceedings/Symposium)
Knobbs, C., Knight, A.L., Jenkins, J. 2003. Effectiveness of Isomate-C TT (twin tube) using varying rates of dispensers in Washington orchards. National Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting.
Flight Tunnel and Field Evaluations of Sticky Traps for Monitoring Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Sex Pheromone-Treated Orchards - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L. 2002. Flight tunnel and field evaluations of sticky traps for monitoring codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in sex pheromone-treated orchards. Journal of British Columbia Entomological Society. 99:107-116.
Flight Tunnel and Field Evaluations of Sticky Traps for Monitoring Codling Moth (Lepidooptera:tortricidae)in Sex Pheromone-Treated Orchards - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L., Larson, D.L., Christianson Jr, B.A. 2002. Flight tunnel and field evaluations of sticky traps for monitoring codling moth (Lepidooptera:Tortricidae)in sex pheromone-treated orchards. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia. 99:107-116.
Attractants from Bartlett Pear for Codling Moth, Cydia Pomonella (L.), Larvae - (Peer Reviewed Journal)
Knight, A.L., Light, D.M. 2001. Attractants from bartlett pear for codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), larvae. Naturwissenschaften. 88:339-342.

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