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1960s
1960
Gypsy moth pheromone discovered;
proposed using sex attractants to disrupt mating.(more)
US-1140 great northern bean
released; dominant variety in this seed class for 25 years.
Developed method for shrinkproofing
wool called interfacial polymerization; known as the WURlan process.
Revealed that protein similarities
between plant and disease organism are involved in susceptibility
of the plant to the disease.
Instant sweet potatoes developed.
Discovered mechanism of delayed
bitterness in citrus juices and identified enzyme system that
prevents bitterness in whole fruit. (more)
Determined cause and prevention
of cockle defect in sheepskins.
Robinson, Osceloa, and Lee
tangerines released. (more)
PD-611 tobacco released; first
tobacco line resistant to root-knot nematodes.
Wells and Lakota durum wheat
released.
Vinall wild rye released.
Utah Synthetic C alfalfa released.
Chinook and Ranier cherries
released.
Midway strawberry released.
1961
Path of carbon in photosynthesis determined (Calvin cycle).
Statistical Reporting Service established.
Neutron probe developed for
field measurements of soil-water content.
First commercial semidwarf
cultivar of a cereal grain in North America released; Gaines
high-yield wheat helped launch 'Green Revolution.’ (more)
Feed Grain Act passed
Peace Corps established.
Equine piroplasmosis reported in the U.S.
Economic Research Service established.
Developed cytoplasmic male-sterile
millet. By 1965, Indian scientists had developed a new hybrid
from these seeds that yielded 88 percent more grain than common
millet. (more)
Developed method to prevent
gelling in canned evaporated milk.
Demonstrated that flavor components
in fruit could be incorporated into amorphous sugar that was
moisture stable at room temperature; used to fortify flavors
of candies, cookies, and cakes.
Discovered that spraying linseed
oil mixtures on new concrete prevented damage from salt put on
roads to melt ice during winter.
Emerald crownvetch discovered
by plant exploration team in southeastern Russian, introduced
into Midwest.(more)
Developed method for measuring
pungency of onions by determining amount of pyruvic acid.
Isolated an abscission-accelerating
chemical from cotton burs, absicisn.
Badger Shipper cabbage released;
first with some resistance to clubroot.
Bethel and Kent soybean released.
Woodard blueberry released.
Belle Patna rice released.
Denta sweetclover released;
first nonbitter white sweetclover.
1962
Silent Spring published; documented the effect of chemicals
on the environment. (more)
Discovered breeding line that
could restore fertility to male-sterile wheat plants.
Library collection of USDA designated as National Agricultural Library.
Cereal leaf beetle discovered to be established
in Michigan.
Purified and structurally
identified three soluble ribonucleic acids (RNAs). (more)
Developed method for built-in
permanent creases for wool trousers.
First laboratory test developed
to detect bluetongue neutralizing antibody.
Released four inbred lines
that resulted in first commercial production of hybrid seed of
pearl millet.
Developed methods using calcium
to remove strontium-90 radioactivity from wheat and milk.
Developed method using cyclic
lighting and chemical retardants to produce compact poinsettias
with dark-green foliage.
U-1421 safflower released.
First precision weighing lysimiter
with automated data processing developed.
Discovered new sugar in honey,
named erlose, resulting from the action of the honey bee enzyme
invertase on sucrose.
1963
Virulent-virus hog cholera vaccines outlawed. (more)
Produced first evidence of large genetic differences
in amino acid composition of cereal protein, thereby making possible
improvement of the nutritional quality of cereal protein.
Abscisic acid identified.
Slack mercerization developed
to improve cotton stretchability. (more)
Simple test for galactose
developed; served as basis for diagnosing infants with galactosemia.
Discovered Chediak-Higashi
syndrome in mink and cattle.
Fiber retriever invented to
increase efficiency of cleaning section of card in cotton by
up to 40 percent.(more)
Proved that tropical horse
tick, Dermacentor nitens, can transmit equine piroplasmosis.
Discovered that wild carrots
give sheep acute sensitivity to sunlight, causing sunburn of
sensitive areas.
Starch-based polyethers developed
and converted to foam; dries as a rigid layer of insulation.
Crane and Orrin Chinese chestnuts
released, the only chestnuts that can be grown in the eastern
U.S.
Penobscot potato discovered;
first with good resistance to leaf roll virus.
Jensen-Haise equation developed.
1964
Agricultural Appropriation Act authorized fifth utilization laboratory
at Athens, GA.
Showed that detergents made
from fats are biodegradable and produce much less foaming than
detergents made from alkybenzene-sulfonates.
Discovered that different
plant varieties alter soil pH differently.
Developed plastic frames for
bee honeycombs.
Simple method developed to
determine amount of available lysine in oilseed meals.
Chemically treated cotton
batting created; held its shape better than older versions.(more)
First field test of devices
for an automated irrigation system performed.
1965
United States entered Vietnam conflict.
Discovered molecular structure
of transfer RNA. (more)
Juvenile hormone of insects
identified and synthesized.
Durable-press cotton textile
(permanent press) developed. (more)
Water Resources Planning Act passed.
Nugaines soft white winter
wheat released; sister to Gaines with resistance to stripe rust
and cephalosprium stripe. (more)
Hood strawberry released;
most important processing cultivar for many years.
Light-absorbing pigment called
chromosphere discovered as the activating agent for phytochrome.
(more)
Conducted initial field trials
using corrugated-wall polyethylene plastic tubing for subsurface
drainage; installed tubing with an ARS-developed plow, rather
than excavating trenches to install tubing in the soil.
Discovered that addition of
vitamins C and E reduced levels of nitrosamines in fried bacon
and nitrite-cured products; industry changed processing to minimize
consumer exposure to cancer-causing nitrosamines.
Developed a continuous process
for making bulgur, while reducing cost by two-thirds; invented
WURLD wheat, a chemically peeled, creamy white bulgur that looks
like rice.
Abscisin II, a plant hormone
that accelerates plant defoliation, isolated.
Tidwarf bermudagrass released.
Spring Pink poinsettia released;
first variety with pink bracts and green foliage.
Yakima snap bean released;
first commercial snap bean with good resistance to curly top.
Controlled European wheat
stem sawfly in the eastern U.S. using biological control. (more)
Developed Beltsville Universal
Computerized Spectrophotometer, which led to commercial development
of near-infrared reflectance instruments for analysis of bulk
commodities like wheat, corn, and soybeans.
1966
High-lysine corn developed; bred to enhance protein level.
(more)
Eradicated screwworm fly from
the U.S. using sterilization. (more)
First monitoring program established
to determine effects of typical agricultural pesticide use.
Laboratory Animal Welfare Act passed; renamed
Animal Welfare Act in 1970.
Cotton Research and Promotion Act passed.
Discovered that protein is not essential in
a milk cow's diet.
Camptothecin shown to have antitumor activity;
isolated from Camptotheca
trees grown by ARS, samples provided to National Cancer Institute
as part of a germplasm research project.
Identified methionine as the
precursor of ethylene, the plant hormone that promotes fruit
ripening.
Smoothstem and Thornfree semierrect
blackberries released, first thornless blackberry cultivars.
Juvabione isolated, a substance
in balsam fir wood that prevents immature insects from maturing.
First electron microscope
image produced of virus that causes foot-and-mouth disease in
infected animal cells.(more)
Food for Peace program amended to permit the
enrichment and fortification of commodities to improve their
nutritional quality.
Showed that dairy cows could
have protein needs met with low-cost urea instead of high-cost
protein feeds; research funded by ARS.
Fortuna released; first rust
and sawfly resistant wheat.
Developed method for chemical
pruning side buds from chrysanthemums without harming the growing
tip.
Conducted initial testing
of prototype laser-beam system for controlling depth and grade
in subsurface drainage installation equipment. The laser-plane
grading system was adopted and modified by industry and is now
used worldwide.
Showed that ozone and sulfur
dioxide in combination more seriously affected plants than either
did alone.
Developed high-calorie, nontoxic
fat emulsion for intravenous feeding from purified cottonseed
oil and egg lecithin.
1967
Viroids discovered, the
smallest known agents of plant disease. (more)
Wholesome Meat Act passed.
Blueboy released; first semidwarf
soft red winter wheat.
Grew Marek's disease-causing
virus in the laboratory for the first time.
Developed wheat-soybean tempeh.
1968
Alfalfa blotch leafminer found in the U.S.
Reported that soil eventually
controls disease 'take-all’ after years of continuously
grown wheat.
Determined that lupine is
toxic to cattle; caused crooked calf disease or abortion.
Arthur soft red winter wheat
released; double the yield of standard Trumbull variety.
Friar plum released.
Team alfalfa released; ozone
resistant.
Concept of crop coefficients
for use with evapotranspiration developed.
1969
Food and Nutrition Service established. (more)
Use of modified live-virus hog cholera vaccines
outlawed.(more)
National Environmental Policy Act passed.
Discovered bovine leukemia virus.
Mycoplasmalike organisms discovered.
Discovered bovine C-type virus; later renamed
bovine leukemia virus.
A mycoplasma, a type of microorganism
associated with animal disease, identified for the first time
as the cause of a mechanically transmitted plant disease.
Patented ammoniation process
for detoxification of aflatoxin.
Discovered mode of inheritance
of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in dogs and mink.
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