Survey of Phenolic Compounds Produced in Citrus
Mark Berhow, Brent Tisserat, Katherine Kanes, and Carl Vandercook
*
United States Department of Agriculture
Agricultural Research Service
Technical Bulletin Number 1856
December 1998
Contents
- Abstract
- [Readme]
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Experimental methods
- Phenolic compounds studied
- Plant materials analyzed
- Sample preparation for phenolic analysis
- High-performance liquid chromatography
analysis
- General phenolic analysis
- Specific flavonoid peak assignments
and quantification procedures
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
- Identification of flavonoid–4'–glucosides
by beta–glucosidase digestion
- Phenolic patterns in citrus
- Flavonoid composition of citrus
- Summary
- Tables
- Illustrations
- Appendixes
- References
Tables
Table 1. HPLC peaks in chromatograms
of extracts from Citrus and related species at 285 nm
Table 2. Percentage and total concentrations
of phenolics in Citrus and related species
Table 3. Flavanone composition in Citrus
and its near relatives
Table 4. Flavone composition in Citrus
and its near relatives
Table 5. Comparison of similar (shared)
and dissimilar (unique) peaks observed at 285 nm (to those observed
at 325 nm) in various Citrus species and cultivars
Table 6. Comparison of similar (shared)
and dissimilar (unique) peaks observed at 325 nm (to those observed
at 285 nm) in various Citrus species and cultivars
Table 7. Flavonoid contents of the
juice from diploid and tetraploid grapefruit cultivars
Table 8. Flavonoids in leaves from
several grapefruit cultivars
Illustrations
Figure 1. Typical HPLC flavonoid
analysis trace at 285 nm depicting a methanol:dimethylsulfoxide
extract of grapefruit leaves
Figure 2. Structure and typical
spectra of phenolic compounds found in citrus
Figure 3. Biosynthetic pathways
yielding the phenolic classes analyzed in this survey
Figure 4. Structure of flavanone,
flavone, and flavonol compounds examined in this survey
Figure 5. Chromatographic comparisons
of flavonoid patterns of albedo extracts of various Citrus
species at 285 nm and 325 nm detection wavelengths
Figure 6. Relationship between
Citrus relatives and phenolic compounds
Appendixes
Appendix 1. Rutaceae members' geographic
and genetic origin
Appendix 2. Taxonomic literature review
of flavonoids found in citrus
Requesting a printed copy.
United States
Department of Agriculture
Agricultural
Research Service
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domain.
Original posting: April 1, 1999.
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