ISOPP 8

Poisonings by Plants, Mycotoxins and Related Toxins (2009)

Edited by: Franklin Riet-Correa, Jim Pfister, Ana Lucia Schild, and Terrie Wierenga

Published by: CAB International, 2011, 660 pages, ISBN 978-1-84593-833-8

Chapters/Sections

I.  Overview:

• Caatinga of northeastern Brazil: vegetation and floristic aspects, page 2
• Toxic plants and mycotoxins affecting cattle and sheep in Uruguay, page 25
• Poisoning by plants, mycotoxins, and algae in Argentinian livestock, page 35
• Toxic plants of Cuba, page 43
• Toxic plants affecting grazing cattle in Colombia, page 50
• Poisonous plants affecting livestock in Central America, with emphasis on Panama, page 60
• Plant poisonings in Mato Grosso do Sul, page 68
• Poisonous plants affecting sheep in southern Brazil, page 73
• Toxic plants of the State of Piaui, northeastern Brazil, page 79
• Poisonous plants affecting ruminants in southern Brazil, page 87
• Recently diagnosed poisonous plants in the Cariri Region, State of Paraiba, Brazil, page 91
• Poisonous plants on dairy farms of the Capara? Microregion, Esp?rito Santo State, Brazil, page 96
• Ornamental toxic plant species sold in Campina Grande's market, Para?ba, Brazil, page 101
• Toxic plants grown in gardens in Alto Branco, Campina Grande, Para?ba, Brazil, page 105

II.  The Liver:

• Brachiaria spp. poisoning in sheep in Brazil: experimental and epidemiological findings, page 110
• Variation in saponin concentration in Brachiaria brizantha leaves as a function of maturation: preliminary data, page 118
• Lectin histochemistry on sections of liver and hepatic lymph nodes from sheep grazing on Brachiaria spp., page 124
• Brachiaria spp. poisoning in ruminants in mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, page 129
• Practical rules for the differentiation between Brachiaria spp. poisoning and pithomycotoxicosis, page 133
• Measurement of steroidal saponins in Panicum and Brachiaria grasses in the USA and Brazil, page 142
• Acute poisoning by Crotalaria spectabilis seeds in pigs of Mato Grosso State, Brazil, page 148
• Possible association between precipitation and incidence of Senecio spp. poisoning in cattle in southern Brazil, page 154
• Phenology of Senecio spp. and vegetation cover in Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil, page 158
• Nutritional implications of pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis, page 163
• Pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in cattle in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, page 175
• Seasonal variation in pyrrolizidine alkaloid concentration and plant development in Senecio madagascariensis Poir. (Asteraceae) in Brazil, page 179
• Buffalo calves intoxicated with Ageratum houstonianum Mill., page 186
• Evaluation of immunotoxic properties of Senecio brasiliensis: study of toxicity in rats, page 190
• Hepatic biopsy as a diagnostic tool for detecting Senecio spp. poisoning in live cattle, page 194
• Poisoning of cattle by Senecio spp. in Uruguay, page 198
• Risks from plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids for livestock and meat quality in northern Australia, page 208
• Effects of dietary pyrrolizidine (Senecio) alkaloids on copper and vitamin A tissue concentrations in Japanese quail, page 215
• Poisoning by Cyca revoluta in dogs in Brazil, page 221
• Natural and experimental poisoning of bovines by Cestrum corymbosum Schltdl. in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, page 227
• Trema micrantha poisoning in domestic herbivores, page 231

III.  Reproductive System:

• Plants teratogenic to livestock in the United States, page 236
• Dose-response evaluation of Veratrum californicum in sheep, page 243
• Toxic effects of Ipomoea carnea on placental tissue of rats, page 251
• Chronic heart failure and abortion caused by Tetrapterys spp. in cattle in Brazil, page 256
• Effects of Senna occidentalis seeds ingested during gestation on kid behavior, page 264
• Evaluation of the abortification effect of Luffa acutangula Roxb. in rats, page 270
• Experimental studies of poisoning by Aspidosperma pyrfolium, page 274
• Determination of teratogenic effects of Aspidosperma pyrifolium ethanolic extract in rats, page 280
• Effects of gossypol present in cottonseed cake on spermatogenesis in sheep, page 285

IV.  Nervous System:

• Poisonous plants affecting the nervous system in horses in Brazil, page 290
• Rational uses of mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) and the importance of spontaneous poisoning by the pods in ruminants from Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, page 295
• Neonate behavior in goats is affected by material ingestion of Ipomoea carnea, page 302
• The comparative pathology of locoweed poisoning in horses and other livestock, page 309
• Sida carpinifolia (Malvaceae) poisoning in herbivores in Rio Grande do Sul, page 311
• The guinea pig as an animal model for ?-mannosideosis, page 315
• Poisoning by Solanum paniculatum of cattle in the State of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, page 320
• The diagnostic significance of detecting Rathayibacter toxicus in the rumen contents and feces of sheep that may be affected by annual ryegrass toxicity, page 325
• Annual ryegrass toxicity in sheep is not prevented by administration of cyclodextrin via controlled release devices, page 331
• Secondary toxicity from the ingestion of meat, offal or milk from animals consuming corynetoxins is unlikely, page 337
• Metabolism of the endophyte toxin lolitrem B in cattle liver microsomes, page 343

V.  Toxic Plants Affecting Other Systems:

• Further investigations of Xanthoparmelia toxicity in ruminants, page 349
• Administration of Senna occidentalis seeds to juvenile rats: effects on hematologial parameters and immune lymphoid organs, page 355
• Mascagnia exotropica poisoning in ruminants, page 362
• Relationship between a peculiar form of hydropic-vacuolar degeneration of the distal convolute tubules, monofluoroacetate poisoning, and plants that cause 'sudden death' in Brazil, page 365
• Poisoning by Mascagnia rigida in goats and sheep, page 373
• Hematological, biochemical, and urinary alterations of enzootic bovine hematuria in dairy cows iin the Capara? Microregion, Esp?rito Santo State, Brazil, page 377
• Upper urinary tract lesions associated with enzootic bovine hematuria, page 384
• Similarities between non-neoplastic urinary bladder lesions in bovine enzootic hematuria and those induced by radiotherapy in humans, page 388
• Immunosuppression induced by Pteridium aquilinum facilitates the development of lung carcinogenesis, page 396
• Outbreak of acute poisoning by bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) in cattle, page 402
• Immunosuppressive effects of Pteridium aquilinum on natural killer cells of mice and its prevention with selenium, page 406
• Toxic nephrosis in cattle from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil associated with the ingestion of Thiloa glaucocarpa, page 412
• Osteolathyrism in calves in Uruguay, page 416
• Cyanide toxicity and interference with diet selection in quail, page 420
• Toxicity to honey bees from pollen from several plants in northeastern Brazil, page 426
• Vetch (Vicia villosa) poisoning in cattle in the State of Santa Catarina, page 430
• Baccharis pteronioides toxicity, page 433
• Toxicity of Dieffenbachia spp. with a focus on livestock poisoning, page 437
• Morphological, morphometric, and histochemical analysis of the large intestine of rabbits intoxicated with Solanum glaucophyllum (duraznillo blanco), page 441
• Enzootic calcinosis of sheep in Uruguay, page 448
• Enzootic calcinosis in ruminants from central Brazil, page 452
• Radiographic monitoring of lesions induced by Solanum malacoxylon (Solanaceae) poisoning in rabbits, page 458
• Spontaneous intoxication by Solanum malacoxylon in Bubalus bubalis in northern pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil, page 462
• Experimental poisoning by Nierembergia rivularis in sheep of Uruguay, page 465
• Spontaneous nitrate/nitrite poisoning in cattle fed with oats (Avena sativa) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, page 469
• Poisoning of sheep by shells of Jatropha curcas seeds, page 472
• Toxicology study of ethanolic extract from aerial parts of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. in rats, page 477

VI.  Mycotoxins and Other Toxins:

• Changes in carbohydrate expression in the cervical spinal cord of mice intoxicated with perivitellin PV2 from Pomacea canaliculata, page 482
• Zearalenone: an estrogenic mycotoxin with immunotoxic effects, page 489
• Ethanol poisoning in cattle by ingestion of waste beer yeast in Brazil, page 494
• Immunotoxic and toxic evaluation of subchronic exposure to saxitoxin in rats, page 499
• Geitlerinema unigranulatum (cyanobacteria) extract induces alterations in microcirculation and ischemic injury, page 504
• Production of a saxitoxin standard from cyanobacteria, page 510
• Differential diagnosis between plant poisonings and snakebites in cattle in Brazil, page 515
• The use of the guinea pig model in detecting diplodiosis, a neuromycotoxicosis of ruminants, page 520

VII.  Toxic Compounds and Chemical Methods:

• Acute toxicity of selenium compounds commonly found in selenium-accumulator plants, page 525
• Agricultural and pharmaceutical applications of Chilean soapbark tree (Quillaja saponaria) saponins, page 532
• Concentration and effect in mice of the essential oil pulegone from Mentha pulegium, a suspected toxic plant in eastern Uruguay, page 535
• Effect of MDL-type alkaloids on tall larkspur toxicosis, page 540
• LC/MS/MS analysis of the daphnane ortoester simplexin in poisonous Pimelea species of Australian rangelands, page 550
• The physiological effects and toxicokinetics of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) alkaloids in cattle, page 557
• Lupine-induced 'crooked calf disease' in Washington and Oregon: identification of the alkaloid profiles of Lupinus sericeus, Lupinus sulphureus, and Lupinus leucophyllus, page 566
• Comparative study of monocrotaline toxicity on peritoneal macrophage activity when dosed for 14 or 28 days, page 572
• Effects of lantadenes on mitochondrial bioenergetics, page 577
• Determination of the relative toxicity of enantiomers with cell-based assays, page 581
• Rotenoids, neurotoxic principles of seeds from Aeschynomene indica (Leguminosae), page 588
• Chemistry of Dieffenbachia picta, page 593
• Alkaloid profiles of Mimosa tenuiflora and associated methods of analysis, page 600
• Distribution of Delphinium occidentale chemotypes and their potential toxicity, page 606

VIII.  Control Measures:

• Conditioned aversion induced by Baccharis coridifolia in sheep and cattle, page 613
• A potential krimpsiekte vaccine, page 617
• Environmental effects on concentrations of plant secondary compounds: finding a healthy balance, page 623
• Maintaining aversion to Geigeria ornativa (vermeerbos) in sheep by means of continuous exposure to an aversive mixture presented iin a self-feeder, page 631
• Conditioned flavor aversion and location avoidance in hamsters from toxic extract of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi), page 637
• Conditioning taste aversion to Mascagnia rigida (Malpighiaceae) in sheep, page 643
• Amended method of averting cattle to yellow tulp (Moraea pallida), page 648

IX.  Herbals:

• Reproductive study of Chenopodium ambrosioides aqeuous extract in rats, page 655
• Investigation of Cereus jamacaru ethanol extract effects in rats, page 660
• Marketing of boldo (Plectranthus neochilium and Peumus boldus Molina) by salesmen of medical plants in Campina Grande, Para?ba, page 666
• Evaluation of hemolytic and spasmolytic activities of Sargassum polyceratium Montagne (Sargassaceae), page 670
• Investigation of hemolytic and spasmolytic activities of the total alkaloid fraction from root bark of Solanum paludosum Moric. (Solanaceae), page 676
• Hemolytic and spasmolytic assays of Solanum asterophorum Mart. (Solanaceae), page 683
• Evaluation of the cytotoxic and spasmolytic activities of Solanum asperum Rich. (Solanaceae), page 691
• Chemical analysis of toxic principles in preparations of Ruta graveolens and Petiveria alliacea, page 698
• Antimicrobial effect of an extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn against clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, page 705
• Evaluation of hepatotoxicity induced by Piper methysticum, page 709
• Toxic effects of Baccharis trimera on pregnant rats and their conceptuses, page 713
• Toxicity in mice of the total alkaloid fraction of Chondrodendron platyphyllum, page 720
• Evaluation of anticholinesterasic activity of strain SPC 920 - Geitlerinema unigranulatum (Oscillatoriales, cyanobacteria), page 725