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References:

Prairie Heating and CO2 Enrichment (PHACE)

Blumenthal, D., C. E. Mitchell, P. Pyšek, and V. Jarošík.  2009.  Synergy between resource availability and pathogen release in plant invasion.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106:7899-7904.

Parton, W.J., J.A. Morgan, W. Guiming and S.J. Del Grosso. 2007. Projected Ecosystem Impact of the Prairie Heating and CO2 Enrichment Experiment. New Phytologist 174:823-834.

Selected papers from other Global Change Research, including Open Top Chamber Experiement (1997-2001) on Colorado Shortgrass Steppe

2008

Morgan, J.A., J.D. Derner, D.G. Milchunas and E. Pendall. Management implications of global change for Great Plains rangelands.  Rangelands.

2007

Morgan, J.A., D.G. Milchunas, D.R. LeCain, M.S. West and A. Mosier. 2007. Carbon dioxide enrichment alters plant community structure and accelerates shrub growth in the shortgrass steppe. Proceedings of the Natl Academy of Sciences 104(37):14724-14729

Körner, C., J.A. Morgan and R. Norby. 2007. CO2 fertilization: When, where, and how much? In: Canadell JG, Pataki DE, Pitelka LF (eds) Terrestrial Ecosystems in a Changing World. The IGBP Series. pp 9-22. Springer, Berlin.

2006

LeCain, DR, JA Morgan, DG Milchunas, AR Mosier, JA Nelson, DP Smith. Root biomass of individual species, and root size characteristics after five years of CO2 enrichment on native shortgrass steppe. 2006. Plant and Soil 279: 219-228

2005

Derner, J.D., G.E. Schuman, M. Jawson, S.R. Shafer, J.A. Morgan, H.W. Polley, G.B. Runion, S.A. Prior, H.A. Torbert, H.H. Rogers, J. Bunce, L. Ziska, J.W. White, A.J. Franzluebbers, J.D. Reeder, R. Venterea and L.A. Harper. 2005. USDA-ARS Global Change Research on Rangelands and Pasturelands. Rangelands 27:36-42.

Pendall, E., J.Y. King, A.R. Mosier, J. Morgan and D. Milchunas. 2005. Stable isotope constraints on net ecosystem production under elevated CO2. In: L.B. Flanagan, J.R. Ehleringer and D.E. Pataki (eds) Stable Isotopes and Biosphere-Atmospheric Interactions: Processes and Biological Controls. pp 182-198. Elsevier Inc., San Diego, CA.

Milchunas, D.G., A.R. Mosier, J.A. Morgan, D.R. LeCain, J.Y. King, J.A. Nelson. 2005. Elevated CO2 and defoliation effects on a shortgrass steppe: Forage quality versus quantity for ruminants. Ag. Eco. and Env. 111: 166-184.

2004

Morgan, J.A., A.R. Mosier, D.G. Milchunas, D.R. LeCain, J.A. Nelson and W.J. Parton. 2004a. CO2 enhances productivity, alters species composition, and reduced digestibility of shortgrass steppe vegetation. Ecological Applications 14:208-219.

Morgan, J.A., D.E. Pataki, C. Körner, H. Clark, S.J. Del Grosso, J.M. Grünzweig, A.K. Knapp, A.R. Mosier, P.C.D. Newton, P.A. Niklaus, J.B. Nippert, R.S. Nowak, W.J. Parton, H.W. Polley and M.R. Shaw. 2004b. Water relations in grassland and desert ecosystems exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2. Oecologia 140:11-25.

Nelson, J.A., J.A. Morgan, D.R. LeCain, A.R. Mosier, D.G. Milchunas and W.J. Parton. 2004. Elevated CO2 increases soil moisture and enhances plant water relations in a long-term field study in the semi-arid shortgrass steppe of Northern Colorado. Plant and Soil 259:169-179.

Pendall, E.S., S. Bridgham, P.J. Hanson, B. Hungate, D.W. Kicklighter, D.W. Johnson, B.E. Law, Y. Luo, J.P. Megonigal, M. Olsrud, M.G. Ryan, P. Thornton and S. Wan. 2004a. Belowground Process Responses to Elevated CO2 and Temperature: A Discussion of Observations, Measurement Methods, and Models.  New Phytologist(2004)162  311–322 .

Pendall, El., J.Y. King, A.R. Mosier, J. Morgan and D. Milchunas.  2004.  Stable isotope constraints on net ecosystem production under elevated CO2.  IN L.B. Flanagan, J.R. Ehleringer and D.E. Pataki (eds) Stable Isotopes and Biosphere-Atmospheric Interactions: Processes and Biological Controls., pp 182-198,  Elsevier Inc., San Diego, CA.

Pendall, E., A.R. Mosier and J.A. Morgan 2004. Rhizodeposition stimulated by elevated CO2 in a semi-arid grassland. New Phytologist 162: 447-458.

2003

Mosier, A.R., E. Pendall and J.A. Morgan. 2003. Effect of water addition and nitrogen fertilization on the fluxes of CH4, CO2, NOx, and N2O following five years of elevated CO2 in the Colorado Shortgrass steppe. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 3:1-6.

Mitchell, C.E. and P.B. Reich, 2003.  Assessing environmental changes in grasslands.  Science 299: 1844.  (Letter to the Editor)

Mitchell, C.E., P.B. Reich, D. Tilman, and J.V. Groth, 2003. Effects of elevated CO2, nitrogen deposition, and decreased species diversity on foliar fungal plant disease. Global Change Biology 9:438-451

Ferretti, D.F., E. Pendall, J.A. Morgan, J.A. Nelson, D.R. LeCain, A.R. Mostier. 2003. Partitioning evapotranspiration fluxes from a Colorado grassland using stable isotopes: Seasonal variations and ecosystem implications of elevated atmospheric CO2. Plant and Soil 254: 291-303.

LeCain, D.R., J.A. Morgan, A.R. Mosier and J.A. Nelson. 2003. Soil and plant water relations determine photosynthetic responses of C3 and C4 grasses in a semi-arid ecosystem under elevated CO2. Annals of Botany 92:41-52.

Pendall, E., S. Del Grosso, J.Y. King and 8 others. 2003. Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Effects and Soil Water Feedbacks on Soil Respiration Components in a Colorado grassland. Global Biogeochem. Cycles Vol. 17:1-13.

2002

Morgan, J.A.  2002.  Looking beneath the surface.  Science 298:1903-1904.

Mosier, A.R., J.A. Morgan, J.Y. King, D. LeCain and D.G. Milchunas.  2002.  Soil-atmosphere exchange of CH4, CO2, NOx, and N2O in the Colorado Shortgrass Steppe under Elevated CO2.  Plant and Soil 240:201-211.

2001

Morgan, J.A., D.R. LeCain, A.R. Mosier and D.G. Milchunas. 2001. Elevated CO2 enhances water relations and productivity and affects gas exchange in C3 and C4 grasses of the Colorado shortgrass steppe. Global Change Biology 7:451-466

2000

Polley, H.W., J.A. Morgan, M. Stafford-Smith and B. Campbell.  2000.  Crop ecosystem responses to climatic change: rangelands, pp 293-314  IN K.R. Reddy and H.F. Hodges, eds, Climate Change and Global Crop Productivity, CAB International Publishing, UK.