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Almand, L. K., and others. 1974. A collapsible truck-mounted aerial net for insect sampling. Tex. Agr. Exp. Stn. Misc. Publ. 1189:1-4.

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Apperson, C. S., and D. G. Yows. 1976. A light trap for collecting aquatic organisms. Mosq. News 36:205-206.

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Azrang, M. 1976. A simple device for collecting insects. Entomol. Tidskr. 97:92-94.

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Banks, W. A., and others. 1981. Techniques for collecting, rearing, and handling imported fire ants. U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv., AAT-S-21, 9 pp.

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Batiste, W. C., and W. Joos. 1972. Codling moth: A new pheromone trap. J. Econ. Entomol. 65:1741-1742.

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Beavers, J. B., and others. 1972. Synthetic attractants for some dipteran species. J. Econ. Entomol. 65:1740-1741.

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Belton, P. 1962. Effects of sound on insect behavior. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Manitoba 18:22-30.

__________ and R. H. Kempster. 1963. Some factors affecting the catches of Lepidoptera in light traps. Can. Entomol. 95:832-837.

__________ and A. Pucat. 1967. A comparison of different lights in traps for Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Can. Entomol. 99:267-272.

Beroza, M. 1970. Current usage and some recent developments with insect attractants and repellents in the USDA. In Beroza, M., ed., Chemicals controlling insect behavior, pp. 145-163. Academic Press, New York.

__________ 1972. Attractants and repellents for insect control. In Pest control: Strategies for the future, pp. 226-253. Wash. Acad. Sci., Washington, D.C.

__________ and N. Green. 1963. Materials tested as insect attractants. U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 239, 148 pp.

__________ and others. 1974. Tests of a 3-layer laminated plastic bait dispenser for controlled emission of attractants from insect traps. Environ. Entomol. 3:926-928.

Berte, S. B. 1979. An improved method for preserving color patterns in pinned insects. Entomol. News 90:147-148.

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Birch, M., ed. 1974. Pheromones. 495 pp. North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam.

Blakeslee, T. E., and others. 1959. Aedes vexans and Culex salinarius light trap collection at five elevations. Mosq. News 19:283.

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Blume, R. R., and others. 1972. Trapping tabanids with modified Malaise traps baited with CO2. Mosq. News 32:90-95.

Borgmeier, T. 1964. How to prepare minuten-pin double mounts of small Diptera. Studia Entomol. 7:489.

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Briggs, J. B. 1971. A comparison of pitfall trapping and soil sampling in assessing populations of two species of ground beetles (Col.: Carabidae). Rep. E. Malling Res. Stn. 1970:108-112.

Brindle, A. 1963. Terrestrial Diptera larvae. Entomol. Rec. J. Var. 75:47-62. Includes collecting methods.

British Museum (Natural History) (Cogan, B. H., and K. V. G. Smith). 1974. Insects: Instructions for collectors No. 4a. Ed. 5, rev. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Publ. 705, 169 pp.

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__________ and others. 1948. Equipment used in trapping and identifying alate aphids. Proc. Roy. Entomol. Soc., London, Ser. A, Gen. Entomol. 23:57-58.

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Brockway, P. B., and others. 1962. A wind directional trap for mosquitoes. Mosq. News 22:404-405.

Brown, A. W. A. 1954. Studies on the responses of the female Aedes mosquito. Pt. IV. The attractiveness of coloured clothes to Canadian species. Bull. Entomol. Res. 45:67-78.

Brown, B. V. 1993. A further chemical alternative to critical point drying for preparing small (or large?) flies. Fly Times. 11. Reprinted in Chalcid Forum 18 (1995): 5.

Brown, R. D. 1973. Funnel for extraction of leaf litter organisms. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 66:485-486.

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Burbutis, P. P., and J. A. Stewart. 1979. Blacklight trap collection of parasitic Hymenoptera. Entomol. News 90:17-22.

Buriff, C. R. 1973. Recapture of released apple maggot flies in sticky-board traps. Environ. Entomol. 2:757-758.

Burrells, W. 1978. Microscope technique; a comprehensive handbook for general and applied microscopy. 574 pp., 4 Ivs. pis., 22 pp. pis. Fountain Press, London; Halsted Press, New York; Intl. Publ. Serv., New York.

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Cade, W. 1975. Acoustically orienting parasitoids: Fly phonotaxis to cricket song. Science (Wash., D.C.) 190:1312-1313.

Callahan, P. S., and others. 1972. Corn earworm moth: Vertical distribution in nocturnal flight. Environ. Entomol. 1:497-504.

Campion, D. G. 1972. Some observations on the use of pheromone traps as a survey tool for Spodoptera littoralis. Cent. Overseas Pest Res. Rep. 4, 10 pp.

__________ and others. 1974. The arrival of male moths of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidop. tera, Noctuidae) to a new continuously-recording pheromone trap. Bull. Entomol. Res. 64:379-386.

Cantrall, I. J. 1939-40. Notes on collecting and studying Orthoptera. Ward's Combined Entomol. and Nat. Sci. Bull. 13 (3):1-5; (4):1-6; (5):4, 5; (6):5-7; (7):4, 5 (all pp. unnumbered). Much of the same material is in Cantrall, I. J., 1941., Compendium of entomological methods, pt. 11, Notes on collecting and studying Orthoptera, 28 pp., Ward's Nat. Sci. Estab., Rochester, N.Y.

Cantrall, I. J. 1941. Notes on collecting and preserving Orthoptera. Compendium of entomological methods, pt. ll. Ward's Combined Entomol. and Nat. Sci. Bull. 13(4):1-9. Rochester, N.Y.

Carayon, J. 1969. Emploi du noir chlorazol en anatomic microscopique des insectes. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. (n.s.) 5:179-193. On the use of the dye chlorazol black to color cuticle in microscopical preparations.

Carestia, R. R., and L. B. Savage. 1967. Effectiveness of carbon dioxide as a mosquito attractant in the CDC miniature light trap. Mosq. News 27:90-92.

Carlson, D. 1971. A method of sampling larval and emerging insects using an aquatic black light trap. Can. Entomol.103:1365-1369.

__________ 1972. Comparative value of black light and cool white lamps in attracting insects to aquatic traps. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 45:194 199.

Catts, E. P. 1970. A canopy trap for collecting Tabanidae. Mosq. News 30:472-474.

Chamberlin, J. C. 1940. A mechanical trap for the sampling of aerial insect populations. U.S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Entomol. and Plant Quar., ET-163, 12 pp.

Chapman, J. A., and J. M. Kinghorn. 1955. Window flight traps for insects. Can. Entomol. 87:46-47.

Cheng, L. 1975. A simple emergence trap for small insects. Pan-Pac. Entomol. 50:305-307.

Chiang, H. C. 1973. A simple trap for certain minute flying insects. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 66:704.

Chu, H. F. 1949. How to know the immature insects: An illustrated key for identifying the orders and families of many immature insects with suggestions for collecting, rearing, and studying them. 234 pp. Wm. C. Brown, Dubuque, lowa.

Clark, J. D., and C. E. Curtis. 1973. A battery-powered light trap giving two years' continuous operation. J. Econ. Entomol. 66:393-396.

Clark, W. H., and P. E. Blom. 1979 . Use of a hand sprayer as a collecting technique. Entomol. News 99:247-248.

Clark, W.H. and P.E. Blom. 1992. An efficient and inexpensive pitfall trap system. Ent. News 103(2): 55-59.

Clarke, J. F. G. 1941. The preparation of slides of the genitalia of Lepidoptera. Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 36:149-161.

Clifford, C. W., and others. 1977. Rearing methods for obtaining house crickets, Acheta domesticus, of known age, sex, and instar. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 70:69-74.

Clinch, P. G. 1971. A battery-operated vacuum device for collecting insects unharmed. N.Z. Entomol: 5:28-30.

Coffey, M. D. 1966. Studies on the association of flies (Diptera) with dung in southeastern Washington. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 59:207-218.

Colless, D. H. 1959. Notes on the culicine mosquitoes of Singapore. Vl. Observations on catches made with baited and unbaited trap-nets. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 53:251-258.

Coluzzi, M., and V. Petrarca. 1973. Aspirator with paper cup for collecting mosquitoes and other insects. Mosq. News 33:249-250.

Comstock, J. H. 1940. An introduction to entomology. Ed. 9, 1050 pp. Comstock Publ. Assoc., Ithaca, N.Y.

Cook, E. F. 1954. A modification of Hopkin's technique for collecting ectoparasites from mammal skins. Entomol. News 15:35-37.

Cooke, J. A. L. 1969. Notes on some useful arachnological techniques. Bull. Brit. Arachnol. Soc. 1:42-44.

Coon, B. F., and J. O. Pepper. 1968. Alate aphids captured in air traps at different heights. J. Econ. Entomol. 61:1473-1474.

Corbet, P. S. 1965. An insect emergence trap for quantitative studies in shallow ponds. Can. Entomol. 97:845-848.

Coulson, R. N., R. T. Franklin, and D. A Crossley, Jr. 1970. A self maintaining window trap for collecting flying insects. Entomol. News 81:164.

Cushing, C. E. 1964. An apparatus for sampling drifting organisms in streams. J. Wildl. Mangt. 28:592-594.

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Davidson, J., and D. C. Swan. 1933. A method for obtaining samples of the population of Collembola (Symphypleona) in pastures. Bull. Entomol. Res. 24 (pt. 3):351-352.

Davies, J. B. 1971. A small mosquito trap for use with animal or carbon dioxide baits. Mosq. News 31:441 -443.

Davis, E. W., and B. J. Landis. 1949. An improved trap for collecting aphids. U.S. Dept. Agr., Burl Entomol. and Plant Ouar., ET-278, 3 pp.

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DeFoliart, G. R. 1972. A modified dry-ice-baited trap for collecting haematophagous Dipteral J. Med. Entomol. 9:107-108.

DeJong, D. J. 1967. Some problems connected with the use of light traps. Entomophaga 3:25-32.

Dethier, V. G. 1955. Mode of action of sugar-baited fly traps. J. Econ. Entomol. 48:235-239.

Doane, J. F. 1961. Movement on the soil surface of adult Ctenicera aeripennis destructor (Brown) and Hypolithus bicolor Esch. (Coleoptera: Elateridae) as indicated by pitfall traps, with notes on captures of other arthropods. Can. Entomol. 93:636-644.

Dodge, H. R. 1960. An effective, economical flytrap. J. Econ. Entomol. 53:1131-1132.

__________ and J. M. Seago. 1954. Sarcophagidae and other Diptera taken by trap and net on Georgia mountain summits in 1952. Ecology 35:50-59.

Dominick, R. B. 1972. Practical freeze-drying and vacuum dehydration of caterpillars. J. Lepid. Soc. 26:69-79.

Dresner, E. 1970. A sticky trap for Mediterranean fruit fly survey. J. Econ. Entomol. 63:1813-1816.

Dunn, G. A., and R. M. Reeves. 1980. A modified collection net for catching insects under cloth bands on trees. Entomol. News 91 :7-9.

Eastop, V. 1955. Selection of aphid species by different kinds of insect traps. Nature (London)176:936.

Edmondson, W. T., and G. G. Winberg, eds. 1971. Manual for estimating secondary production in fresh waters. 368 pp. Blackwell Sci. Publ. (IBP Handb. 17), Oxford, England.

Edmunds, G. F., Jr., S. L. Jensen, and L. Berner. 1976. The mayflies of North and Central America. 330 pp. Univ. Minn. Press, Minneapolis. Methods of collecting and preservation, pp. 8-26.

__________ and W. P. McCafferty .1978. A new J. G. Needham device for collecting adult mayflies (and other out-of-reach insects). Entomol. News 80:193-194.

Edwards, S. R., and others, eds. 1981. Pest control in museums: A status report (1980). Assoc. System. Collect. vii, 34, a-iii, A-30, b-iii, B- 20, c-i, C-5, d-v, D-35, e-iii, E-14, f-iii, F-29, g-iii, G-10 pp. Includes insecticides and their properties, regulations for their use, identification of pests, list of agencies, etc.

Elliott, J. M. 1970. Methods of sampling invertebrate drift in running water. Ann. Limnol. 6:133-159.

Emden, H. F. van, ed. 1972. Aphid technology. 344 pp. Academic Press, London and New York. Collection and preservation on pp. 1-10, also much data on sampling, extraction, trapping, etc., in other chapters.

English, W.R. 1987. Three inexpensive aquatic invertebrate samplers for the benthos, drift and emergent fauna. Ent. News 98(4): 171-179.

Essig, E. O. 1942. College entomology. 900 pp. Macmillan, New York.

__________ 1958. Insects and mites of western North America. 1050 pp. Macmillan, New York.

Ettinger, W. S. 1979. A collapsible insect emergence trap for use in shallow standing water. Entomol. News 90:114-117.

Evans, G. O., J. G. Sheals, and D. MacFarlane. 1964. The terrestrial Acari of the British Isles: An introduction to their morphology, biology, and classification. V. 1. Introduction and biology. 219 pp. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London. Techniques treated on pp. 61-88.

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Everett, R., and J. L. Lancaster, Jr. 1968. A comparison of animal and dry-ice-baited traps for the collection of tabanids. J. Econ. Entomol. 61:863-864.

Fahy, E. 1972. An automatic separator for the removal of aquatic insects from detritus. J. Appl. Ecol. 6:655-658.

Fallis, A. M., and S. M. Smith. 1964. Ether extracts from birds and CO2 as attractants for some ornithophilic simuliids. Can. J. Zool. 42:723 730.

Fessenden, G. R. 1949. Preservation of agricultural specimens in plastics. U.S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Publ.679,78 pp.

Fichter, E. 1941. Apparatus for the comparison of soil surface arthropod populations. Ecology 22:338-339.

Finch, S., and G. Skinner. 1974. Some factors affecting the efficiency of watertraps for capturing cabbage root flies. Ann. Appl. Biol. 77:213-226.

Fincher, G. T., and T. B. Stewart. 1968. An automatic trap for dung beetles. J. Ga. Entomol. Soc. 3:11-12.

Fisher, R. W., and F. Jursic. 1958. Rearing houseflies and roaches for physiological research. Can. Entomol. 90:1-7.

Flaschka, H., and J. Floyd. 1969. A simplified method of freeze drying caterpillars. J. Lepid. Soc. 23:43-48.

Fleming, W. E., and others. 1940. The use of traps against the Japanese beetle. U.S. Dept. Agr. Circ. 594, 11 pp.

Foote, R. H. 1948. A synthetic resin imbedding technique. U.S. Pub. Health Serv. CDC Bull. 1948 (July-Sept.): 58-59.

Ford, R. L. E. 1973. Studying insects, a practical guide. 150 pp., pls. 1-16. Warne, London and New York.

Fredeen, F. J. H. 1961. A trap for studying the attacking behavior of black flies Simulium arcticum Mall. Can. Entomol. 93:73-78.

Freeman, T. J. 1972. Laboratory manual-slide mounting techniques. 17 pp. Calif. Dept. Agr., Lab. Serv., Entomol., Sacramento.

Frost, S. W. 1952. Light traps for insect collections, survey, and control. Pa. Agr. Exp. Stn. Bull. 550, 32 pp.

__________ 1957. The Pennsylvania insect light trap. J. Econ. Entomol. 50:287-292.

__________ 1958. Insects attracted to light traps placed at different heights. J. Econ. Entomol. 51:550-551.

__________ 1964. Killing agents and containers for use with insect light traps. Entomol. News 75:163-166.

Frost, S. W. 1970. A trap to test the response of insects to various light intensities. J. Econ. Entomol. 63:1344-1346.

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Furumizo, R. T. 1975. Collection and isolation of mites from housedust samples. Calif. Vector Views 22:19-27.

Galtsoff, P. S., and others. 1937. Culture methods for invertebrate animals. 590 pp. Comstock Publ. Co., Ithaca, N.Y. Often cited under Needham, J. G., ed.

Gary, N. E., and J. M. Marston. 1976. A vacuum apparatus for collecting honeybees and other insects in trees. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 69:287-288.

Gerberich, J. B. 1945. Rearing tree-hole organisms in the laboratory. Am. Biol. Teacher 7:83-85.

Gerking, S. D. 1957. A method of sampling the littoral macrofauna and its application. Ecology 38:219-226.

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Gillies, M. T. 1969. The ramp-trap, an unbaited device for flight studies of mosquitoes. Mosq. News 29:189-193.

__________ and W. F. Snow. 1967. A CO2-baited sticky trap for mosquitoes. Mosq. News 29:189-193.

Gist, C. S., and D. A. Crossley. 1973. A method for quantifying pitfall trapping. Environ. Entomol. 2:951-952.

Glasgow, J. P., and B. J. Duffy. 1961. Traps in field studies of Glossina pallidipes Austen. Bull. Entomol. Res. 52:795-814.

Glen, D. M. 1976. An emergence trap for bark-dwelling insects; its efficiency and effects on temperature. Ecol. Entomol. 1:91-94.

Glick, P. A. 1939. The distribution of insects, spiders, and mites in the air. U.S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. 673, 150 pp.

__________ 1957. Collecting insects by airplane in southern Texas. U.S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. 1158, 28 pp.

Golmerac, W. L., and E. C. Davenport. 1971. Tabanidae (Diptera) of Kegonsa State Park, Madison, Wisconsin: Distribution and seasonal occurrence as determined by trapping and netting. Mosq. News 31:572-575.

Golding, F. D. 1941. Two new methods of trapping the cacao moths (Ephestia cautella). Bull. Entomol. Res. 32:123-132.

__________ 1946. A new method of trapping flies. Bull. Entomol. Res. 37:143-154.

Goma, L. K. H. 1965. The flight activity of some East African mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae). I. Studies on a high steel tower in Zika forest, Uganda. Bull. Entomol. Res. 56:17-35.

Goodenough, J. L., and J. W. Snow. 1973. Increased collection of tobacco budworm by electric grid traps as compared with blacklight and sticky traps. J. Econ. Entomol.66:450-453.

Goonewardene, H. F., and others. 1973. Improved technique for field use of female Japanese beetles as lures. J. Econ. Entomol. 66:396-397.

Gordh, G., and J. C. Hall. 1979. A critical point drier used as a method of mounting insects from alcohol. Entomol. News 90:57-59.

Gordon, W. M., and E. J. Gerberg. 1945. A directional mosquito barrier trap. J. Natl. Malar. Soc. 4:123-125.

Graham, H. M., and others. 1961. Effective range of argon glow lamp survey traps for pink bollworm adults. J. Econ. Entomol. 54:788-789.

Grandjean, F. 1949. Observation et conservation des tres petits arthropodes. Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Ser. 2, 21:363-370.

Granger, C. A. 1970. Trap design and color as factors in trapping the salt marsh greenhead fly. J. Econ. Entomol. 63:1670-1672.

Gray, P. 1964. Handbook of basic microtechnique. Ed. 3, 302 pp. McGraw-Hill, New York.

Greenslade, P. 1973. Sampling ants with pitfall traps; digging-in effects. Insectes Sociaux 20:343-353.

__________ and P. J. M. Greenslade. 1971. The use of baits and preservatives in pitfall traps. J. Austral. Entomol. Soc. 10:253-260.

Greenslade, P. J. M. 1964. Pitfall trapping as a method for studying populations of Carabidae. J. Anim. Ecol. 33:301-310.

Gressitt, J. L., and others. 1961. A high speed airplane trap for airborne organisms. Pac. Insects 3:549-555.

Grigarick, A. A. 1959. A floating pan trap for insects associated with the water surface. J. Econ. Entomol. 52:348-349.

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Gruber, P., and C. A. Prieto. 1976. A collection chamber suitable for recovery of insects from large quantities of host plant material. Environ. Entomol. 5:343-344.

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Hammond, H. E. 1960. The preservation of lepidopterous larvae using the inflation and heat-drying technique. J. Lepid. Soc. 14:67-78.

Hanec, W., and G. K. Bracken. 1964. Seasonal and geographical distribution of Tabanidae (Diptera) in Manitoba, based on females captured in traps. Can. Entomol. 96:1362-1369.

Hansens, E. J., E. M. Bosler, and J. W. Robinson. 1971. Use of traps for study and control of saltmarsh greenhead flies. J. Econ. Entomol. 64:1481 1486.

Hardwick, D. F. 1950. Preparation of slide mounts of lepidopterous genitalia. Can. Entomol. 82:231-235.

__________ 1968. A brief review of the principles of light trap design with a description of an efficient trap for collecting noctuid moths. J. Lepid. Soc. 22:65-75.

Hargrove, J. W. 1977. Some advances in the trapping of tsetse (Glossina spp.) and other flies. Ecol. Entomol. 2:123-137

Harris, E. J., S. Nakagawa, and T. Urago. 1971. Sticky traps for detection and survey of three tephritids. J. Econ. Entomol. 64:62-65.

Harris, R. H. 1964. Vacuum dehydration and freeze drying of entire biological specimens. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7(13):65-74.

Harris, T. L., and W. P. McCafferty. 1977. Assessing aquatic insect flight behavior with sticky traps. Great Lakes Entomol.10:233-239.

Hartstack, A. W., and others. 1968. A technique for measuring trapping efficiency of electric insect traps. J. Econ. Entomol. 61:546-552.

Harwood, J., and S. Areekul. 1957. A rearing trap for producing pomace flies for bioassay of insecticides. J. Econ. Entomol. 50:512-513.

Harwood, R. F. 1961. A mobile trap for studying the behavior of flying bloodsucking insects. Mosq. News 21:35-39

Hathaway, D. O. 1981. Codling moth: Field evaluations of blacklight and sex attractant traps. U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv., AAT-W-19, 4 pp.

Hazeltine, W. R. 1962. A new insect clearing technique. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 35:165-166.

Heathcote, G. D. 1957. The comparison of yellow cylindrical, flat, and water traps and of Johnson suction traps, for sampling aphids. Ann. Appl. Biol. 45:133-139.

__________ 1957. The optimum size of sticky aphid traps. Plant Path. 6:104-107.

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Herting, B. 1969. Tent window traps used for collecting tachinids (Dipt.) at Delemont, Switzerland. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Control Tech. Buli. 12. 19 pp.

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__________ and G. E. Hudson. 1974. Insect wind traps: Improvements and problems. Queensland Entomol. 10:275-284.

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Hoffard, W. H. 1980. How to collect and prepare forest insect and disease organisms and plant specimens for identification. U.S. Dept. Agr., Forest Serv., Southeast. Area, State and Private Forestry, Gen. Rep. SA GR13, 13 pp.

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Holbrook, R. F., and M. Beroza. 1960. Gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar) detection with the natural female sex lure. J. Econ. Entomol 53:751-756.

Hollingsworth, J. P., and A. W. Hartstack, Jr. 1972. Effect of components on insect light trap performance. Am. Soc. Agr. Engin. Trans. 15:924-927.

__________ and others. 1961. Some factors influencing light trap collections. J. Econ. Entomol. 54:305-308.

__________ and others. 1963. Electrical insect traps for survey purposes. U.S. Dept. Agr., ARS 42-3-1, 10 pp.

Hollis, D., ed. 1980. Animal identification; a reference guide. V. 3, Insects. 160 pp. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London; John Wiley and Sons, New York.

Holzapfel, E. P., H. B. Clagg, and M. L. Goff. 1978. Trapping of air borne insects on ships on the Pacific. Pt. 9. Pac. Insects 19:65-90.

Hood, J. D. 1947. Microscopical whole-mounts of insects. Ed 3, 58 pp. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. Mimeographed; out of date, but of considerable interest.

Hopkins, G. H. E. 1949. The host associations of the lice of mammals. Proc. Zool. Soc. (London), 119 (pt. 11):387-604. Methods on pp. 395-401.

Hottes, F. C. 1951. A method for taking aphids in flight. Pan-Pac. Entomol. 27:190.

Houseweart, M. W., and others. 1979. Large capacity pitfall trap. Entomol. News 90:51-54.

Howell, J. F. 1980. Codling moth: Blacklight trapping and comparisons with fermenting molasses bait and pheromone traps. U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv., ARR-W-22, 14pp.

Howell, J. F., Jr., and others. 1975. Comparison of the efficiency of three traps for the Mediterranean fruit fly baited with minimum amounts of Trimedlure. J. Econ. Entomol. 68:277-279.

Hower, R. O. 1979. Freeze-drying biological specimens; a laboratory manual. 196 pp. Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, D.C.

Howland, A. F., and others. 1969. Field and laboratory studies of attraction of the synthetic sex pheromone to male cabbage looper moths. J. Econ. Entomol. 62:117-122.

Hoy, J. B. 1970. Trapping the stable fly by using CO2 or CO as attractants. J. Econ. Entomol. 63:792-795.

Hubbell, T. H. 1956. A new collecting method: The oatmeal trail. Entomol. News 67:49-51.

Huffacker, C. B., and R. C. Back. 1943. A study of methods of sampling mosquito populations. J. Econ. Entomol. 36:561-569.

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Imms, A. D., and others. 1977. General textbook of entomology. Ed. 10, rev. by Richards, O. W., and R. G. Davies; v.1, Structure, physiology, and development; v. 2, Classification and biology. 418 and 421-1354 pp. Chapman and Hall, London; John Wiley, New York.

Jacobson, M. 1972. Insect sex pheromones. 382 pp. Academic Press, New York.

__________ and M. Beroza. 1964. Insect attractants. Sci. Am. 211 (No. 2, Aug.):20-27. Includes excellent figures of Steiner, McPhail, and USDA beetle traps.

Jacques, H. E. 1947. How to know the insects. Ed. 2, 205 pp. Wm. C. Brown, Dubuque, lowa. (See also No. 43.)

Jeppson, L. R., and others. 1975. Mites injurious to economic plants. 614 pp., 53 unnumbered pls. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley. Includes data on collection and preservation.

Johnson, C. G. 1950. The comparison of suction trap, sticky trap, and tow-net for the quantitative sampling of small airborne insects. Ann. Appl. Biol. 37:268-285.

__________ and L. R. Taylor. 1955. Development of large suction traps for air borne insects. Ann. Appl. Biol. 43:51-62.

__________ and others. 1957. A new method of extracting arthropods and molluscs from grassland and herbage with a suction apparatus. Bull. Entomol. Res. 48:211-218.

Jonasson, P. M. 1954. An improved funnel trap for capturing emerging aquatic insects, with some preliminary results. Oikos 5:179 188.

Joosse, E. N. G. 1975. Pitfall-trapping as a method for studying surface dwelling Collembola. Ztschr. f. Morph. u. Oekol. der Tiere 55:587 596.

Kato, M., and others. 1966. A new dry ice trap for collecting mosquitoes. Jap. J. Sanit. and Zool. 17:83-88.

Kempson, D., and others. 1962. A new extractor for woodland litter. Pedobiologia 3:1-21.

Kevan, D. K. McE., ed. 1955. Soil zoology. 512 pp. Butterworth, London.

__________ 1962. Soil animals. 237 pp. Witherby, London. Sampling and extraction on pp. 102-125.

Kieckhefer, R. W., D. A. Dickmann, and E. L. Miller. 1976. Color responses of cereal aphids. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 69:721-724.

Kimerle, R. A., and N. H. Anderson. 1967. Evaluation of aquatic insect emergence traps. J. Econ. Entomol. 60:1255-1259.

Klein, M. G., K. O. Lawrence, and T. L. Ladd, Jr. 1973. Japanese beetles: Shielded traps to increase captures. J. Econ. Entomol. 66:562-563.

Klots, A. B. 1932. Directions for collecting and preserving insects. 29 pp. Ward's Nat. Sci. Estab., Rochester, N.Y.

Knox, P. C., and K. L. Hays. 1972. Attraction of Tabanus spp. (Diptera: Tabanidae) to traps baited with carbon dioxide and other chemicals. Environ. Entomol. 1:323-326.

Knudsen. J. W. 1966. Biological techniques. 525 pp. Harper and Row, New York.

__________ 1972. Collecting and preserving plants and animals. 319 pp. Harper and Row, New York. Insects on pp. 128-176.

Kogan, M., and D. C. Herzog, eds. 1980. Sampling methods in soybean entomology. 588 pp. Springer Verlag, New York.

Kosztarab, M. 1966. How to build a herbarium of insect and mite damage. Turtox News 44:290-294.

Kovrov, B. G., and A. S. Monchadskii. 1963. The possibility of using polarized light to attract insects. Entomol. Obozr. 42:49-55. [In Russian; transl. into English in Entomol. Rev. 42:25-28.]

Krantz, G. W. 1978. A manual of acarology. Ed. 2, 335 pp. Oreg. State Univ. Book Stores, Corvallis. Collection and preservation on pp. 77-98.

Kring, J. B. 1970. Red spheres and yellow panels combined to attract apple maggot flies. J. Econ. Entomol. 63:466-469.

Krombein, K. V. 1967. Trap-nesting wasps and bees: Life histories, nests, and associates. 570 pp. Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, D.C. Trap-nesting technique described on pp. 8-14.

Kronblad, W., and S. Lundberg. 1978. Bilhavning-en intressant fangstmetod för skalbaggar och andra insekter. Entomol. Tidskr. 99:115 118. Describes net attached to roof of automobile.

Kuhnelt, W., and others. 1976. Soil biology with special reference to the Animal Kingdom. 483 pp. Mich. State Univ. Press, East Lansing. Observation and collecting techniques, pp. 35-65; bibliography, pp. 385 466.

LaGasa, E. H., and S. D. Smith. 1978. Improved insect emergence trap for stream community population sampling; environmental impact of insecticides. U.S. Dept. Agr. Res. Note PSW, U.S. Pac. Southwest. Forest and Range Exp. Stn. 328, 3 pp.

Laird, N. 1981. Blackflies. The future for biological methods in integrated control. 399 pp. Academic Press, London. Includes chapters on trapping and sampling methods.

Lamas, G., O. Mielke and R. Robbins. 1993. The Ahrenholtz technique for attracting tropical skippers (Hesperiidae). J. Lepid. Soc. 47: 80-82.

Lambert, H. L., and R. T. Franklin. 1967. Tanglefoot traps for detection of the balsam woolly aphid. J. Econ. Entomol. 60:1525-1529.

Lammers, R. 1977. Sampling insects with a wetland emergence trap: Design and evaluation of the trap with preliminary results. Am. Midland Nat. 97:381-389.

Landin, J. 1976. Methods of sampling aquatic beetles in the transitional habitats at water margin. Freshwater Biol. 6:81-87.

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Lane, R. S., and J. R. Anderson. 1976. Extracting larvae of Chrysops hirsuticallus (Diptera: Tabanidae) from soil: Efficiency of two methods. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 69:854-856.

Langford, T. E., and J. R. Daffern. 1975. The emergence of insects from a British river warmed by power station cooling water. Pt. 1. The use and performance of insect emergence traps. . . . Hydrobiologia 46:71-114.

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Leech, H. B. 1955. Cheesecloth flight traps for insects. Can. Entomol. 87:200.

Lehker, G. E., and H. O. Deay. 1969. How to collect, preserve, and identify insects. Purdue Univ., Coop. Ext. Serv., Ext. Circ. 509, 43 pp.

LeSage, L., and A. D. Harrison. 1979. Improved traps and techniques for the study of emerging aquatic insects. Entomol. News 90:65-78

Levin, M. D. 1957. Artificial nesting burrows for Osmia ligniaria Say. J. Econ. Entomol. 50:506-507.

Lewis, G. G. 1965. A new technique for spreading minute moths. J. Lepid. Soc. 19:115-116.

Lewis, T., and L. R. Taylor. 1965. Diurnal periodicity of flight by insects. Roy. Entomol. Soc., London, Trans. 116:393-469.

Lincoln, R. J., and J. G. Sheals. 1979. Invertebrate animals. Collection and preservation. 150 pp. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Cambridge Univ. Press, England.

Lindeberg, B. 1958. A new trap for collecting emerging insects from small rockpools, with some examples of the results obtained. Ann. Entomol. Fenn. 24:186-191

Lindroth, C. H. 1957. The best method for killing and preserving beetles. Coleopt. Bull. 11:95-96.

Lipovsky, L. J. 1951. A washing method of ectoparasite recovery with particular reference to chiggers. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 24:151-156.

__________ 1953. Polyvinyl alcohol with lacto-phenol, a mounting and clearing medium for chigger mites. Entomol. News 64:42-44.

Little, V. A. 1972. General and applied entomology. Ed. 3, 527 pp. Harper and Row, New York.

Loschiavo, S. R. 1974. The detection of insects by traps in grain filled boxcars during transit. Proc. Intl. Working Conf. Stored-Product Entomol. 1:639-650.

Lowe, R. B., and L. G. Putnam. 1964. Some simple and useful technological improvements in light traps. Can. Entomol. 96:129.

Luff, M. L. 1968. Some effects of formalin on the numbers of Coleoptera caught in pitfall traps. Entomol. Mon. Mag. 104:115-116.

__________ 1975. Some factors influencing the efficiency of pitfall traps. Oecologia 19:345-357.

Lumsden, W. H. R. 1958. A trap for insects biting small vertebrates. Nature (London) 181:819-820.

Macan, T. T. 1964. Emergence traps and the investigation of stream faunas. Rev. Hydrobiol. 3:75-82.

McCauley, V. J. E. 1976. Efficiency of a trap for catching and retaining insects emerging from standing water. Oikos 27:339-346.

McClung, C. E. (Jones, R. McC., ed.). 1964. Handbook of microscopical technique for workers in animal and plant tissues. Ed. 3, 790 pp. Hafner, New York.

McDaniel, B. 1979. How to know the mites and ticks. 335 pp. Wm. C. Brown, Dubuque, lowa.

McDonald, J. L. 1970. A simple, inexpensive alcohol light trap for collecting Culicoides. Mosq. News 30:652-654.

MacFadyen, A. 1962. Soil arthropod sampling. Adv. Ecol. Res. 1:1-34.

Macleod, J., and J. Donnelly. 1956. Methods for the study of blowfly populations. I. Bait trapping: Significance of limits for comparative sampling. Ann. Appl. Biol. 44:80-104.

McNutt, D. N. 1976. Insect collecting in the tropics. 68 pp. Cent. for Overseas Pest Res., London.

Marshall, S. A. 1994. Terrestrial arthropod biodiversity: Planning a study and recommended sampling techniques. Entomol. Soc. Canada Bull. 26(1).

Martin, J. E. H. 1977. The insects and arachnids of Canada. Pt. 1. Collecting, preparing, and preserving insects, mites, and spiders. Can. Dept. Agr., Biosystem. Res. Inst., Publ. 1643, 182 pp.

Masner, L., and G. A. P. Gibson. 1979. The separation bag - a new device to aid in collecting insects. Can. Entomol.111:1197-1198.

__________ and H. Goulet. 1981. A new model of flight-interception trap for some Hymenopterous insects. Ent. News. 92: 199-202.

__________ and L. Huggert. 1979. Descriptions of new taxa in the Thoronini (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea, Scelionidae). Can. Entomol. 111:911-917.

Mason, H. C. 1963. Baited traps for sampling Drosophila populations in tomato field plots. J. Econ. Entomol. 56:897-899.

Mason, W. T., and J. E. Sublette. 1971. Collecting Ohio River basin Chironomidae (Diptera) with a floating sticky trap. Can. Entomol. 103:397 404.

Masteller, E. C. 1977. An aquatic insect emergence trap on a shale stream in western Pennsylvania. Melsheimer Entomol. Ser. 23:10-15.

Matheson, R. 1951. Entomology for introductory courses. Ed. 2, 629 pp. Comstock Publ. Assoc., Ithaca, N.Y.

Maxwell, C. W. 1965. Tanglefoot traps as indicators of apple maggot activities. Can. Entomol. 97:110.

Menzies, D. R., and E. A. C. Hagley. 1977. A mechanical trap for sampling populations of small, active insects. Can. Entomol. 109:1405 1407.

Merrill, W., and J. M. Skelly. 1968. A window trap for collection of insects above the forest canopy. J. Econ. Entomol. 61:1461-1462.

Merritt, R. W., and J. H. Poorbaugh, Jr. 1975. A laboratory collection and rearing container for insects emerging from cattle droppings. nCalif. Vector Views 22:43-46.

__________ and others. 1978. Collecting, sampling, and rearing methods for aquatic insects. In Merritt, R. W., and K. W. Cummins, An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. 441 pp. Kendall, Hunt, Dubuque, lowa. References on pp.13-28.

Meyerdirk, D. E., and others. 1979. Evaluation of a trap for the citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Can. Entomol. 111:1127-1129.

Meyers, E. G. 1959. Mosquito collections by light traps at various heights above the ground. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Control Assoc. 27:61-63.

Miller, T. A., and others. 1970. The influence of moonlight and other environmental factors on the abundance of certain mosquito species in light-trap collections in Thailand. J. Med. Entomol. 7:555-561.

Minter, D. M. 1961. A modified Lumsden suction trap for biting insects. Bull. Entomol. Res. 52:233-238.

Mitchell, E. R., and others. 1972. Evaluation of cylindrical electric grids as pheromone traps for loopers and tobacco hornworms. Environ. Entomol. 1:365-368.

__________ and others. 1973. A portable cylindrical electric grid trap. J. Econ. Entomol. 66:1232-1233.

__________ and others. 1974. Cylindrical electric grid traps: The influence of elevation, size and electrode spacing on captures of male cabbage loopers and tobacco hornworms. Environ. Entomol. 3:49-50.

Mitchell, R. D., and D. R. Cook. 1952. The preservation and mounting of water-mites. Turtox News 30:169-172.

Moericke, V. 1951. Eine farbefalle zür kontrolle des fluges von blattlausen, insbesondere der pfirsichblattlaus, Myzodes persicae (Sulz.). Nachrichtenblatt der deutschen pflanzenschutz dienst (Braunschweig) 3: 23-24.

Moericke, V. 1995. Über die lebensgewohnheiten der geflugelten blattlause (Aphidina) under besonderer berucksichtigung des verhaltens beim landen. Zietschrift für angewandte entomologie 37: 29-91.

Moreland, C. R. 1955. A wind frame for trapping insects in flight. J. Econ. Entomol. 47:944.

Morgan, C. V. G., and N. H. Anderson. 1958. Techniques for biological studies of tetranychid mites. Can. Entomol. 90:212-215.

Morgan, N. C., and others. 1963. A comparison of the catches of emerging aquatic insects in floating box and submerged funnel traps. J. Anim. Ecol. 32:203-219.

Morgan, N. O., and E. C. Uebel. 1974. Efficacy of the Assateague insect trap in collecting mosquitoes and biting flies in a Maryland salt marsh. Mosq. News 34:196-199.

Morrill, W. L. 1975. Plastic pitfall trap. Environ. Entomol. 4:596.

__________ and W. H. Whitcomb .1972. A trap for elate imported fire ants. J. Econ. Entomol. 65:1194-1195.

Morris, C. D., and G. R. DeFoliart. 1969. A comparison of mosquito catches with miniature light traps and CO2-baited traps. Mosq. News 29:424-426.

Morris, K. R. S. 1961. Effectiveness of traps in tsetse surveys in the Liberian rain forest. Am. J. Trop. Med. and Hyg. 10:905-913.

Mulhern, T. D. 1942. New Jersey mechanical trap for mosquito surveys. N.J. Agr. Exp. Stn. Circ. 421:1-8

Muma, M. H. 1975. Long term can trapping for population analyses of ground-surface, arid-land arachnids. Fla. Entomol. 58:257-270. Includes bibliography of can and pitfall trapping.

Mundie, J. H. 1956. Emergence traps for aquatic insects. Mitt. Int. Ver. Angew. Limnol. 7:113.

__________ 1964. A sampler for catching emerging insects and drifting materials in streams. Limnol. Oceanogr. 9:456-459.

__________ 1966. Sampling emerging insects and drifting materials in deep flowing water. Gewaess. Abwaess. 41/42:159-162.

__________ 1971. Insect emergence traps. In Edmondson, W. T., and G. G. Winberg, eds., A manual on methods for the assessment of secondary productivity in fresh waters. 358 pp. Blackwell Sci. Publ. (IBP Handb. 17), Oxford, England. References on pp. 80-93.

Murphy, P. W., ed. 1962. Progress in soil zoology. 398 pp. Butterworth, London. Includes reference on sticky traps, pp. 226-227.

Murphy, W. L. 1985. Procedures for removal of insect specimens from sticky-trap material. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 78:881.

Murray, T. D., and W. N. Charles. 1975. A pneumatic grab for obtaining large, undisturbed mud samples: Its construction and some applications for measuring the growth of larvae and emergence of adult Chironomidae. Freshwater Biol. 5:205-210.

Nakagawa, S., and others. 1971. Trap-lure combinations for surveys of Mediterranean fruit flies in Hawaii. J. Econ. Entomol. 64:1211-1213.

__________ and others. 1975. Gallon plastic tub, a substitute for the McPhail trap. J. Econ. Entomol. 68:405-406.

Nantung Institute of Agriculture. 1975. Effects of light traps equipped with two lamps on capture of insects. [In Chinese, with English summary.] Acta Entomol. Sinica 18:289-294.

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Neal, J. W., Jr., ed. 1979. Pheromones of the Sesiidae (formerly Aegeriidae). U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv., ARK-NE-6, 83 pp. Proceedings of a symposium, including trapping and perspective of pheromone research.

Needham, J. G., ed. 1937. Culture methods for invertebrate animals. 590 pp. Comstock Publ. Co., Ithaca, N.Y. Includes methods of collecting and rearing some insects.

Newell, I. M. 1955. An autosegregator for use in collecting soil inhabiting arthropods. Am. Microsc. Soc. Trans. 74:389-392.

Newhouse, V. T., and others. 1966. Use of dry ice to increase mosquito catches of the CDC miniature light trap. Mosq. News 26:30-35.

Newton, A., and S. B. Peck. 1975. Baited pitfall traps for beetles. Coleopt. Bull. 29:45-46.

Nicholls, C. F. 1960. A portable mechanical insect trap. Can. Entomol. 92:48-51.

__________ 1970. Some entomological equipment. Ed. 2. Can. Dept. Agr. Inform. Bull. 2, 85 pp.

Nielsen, B. O. 1974. Registrering af insektakivitet på bøgestammer ved hjaelp af fangtragte. Entomol. Meddel. 42:1-18. Describes catches of insects in funnel traps on trunks of beech trees.

Nielsen, E. T. 1960. A note on stationary nets. Ecology 41:375-376.

Nijholt, W. W., and J. A. Chapman. 1968. A flight trap for collecting living insects. Can. Entomol. 100:1151-1153.

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Oldroyd, H. 1958. Collecting, preserving and studying insects. 327 pp. Hutchinson, London; Macmillan, New York.

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Parker, S. P., ed. 1982. Synopsis and classification of living organisms. V. 2. McGraw-Hill, New York.

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__________ 1932. A box-type trap to aid in the control of eye gnats and blowflies. U.S. Dept. Agr. Circ. 247, 4 pp.

Peacock, J. W., and R. A. Cuthbert. 1975. Pheromone-baited traps for detecting the smaller European elm bark beetle. Coop. Econ. Insect Rep. 25:497-500.

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